Introduction
Leading Change: What You Can Count On
Debriefing and Processing
References and Sources
Can Do Leadership Initiative Activity
Change Initiative Activity
Systems Initiative Activity
Zin Obelisk Activity

Debriefing and Processing

At the conclusion of each experience/initiative, time should be taken to look back at the entire experience and reflect on what learning took place. This time for debriefing allows the facilitator/teacher to ask direct questions of the participants which causes them to process their individual experiences as well as the team's experience.

In his work, "Designing Processing Questions to Meet Specific Objectives," Clifford E. Knapp lays out specific program objectives designed to assist leaders in more effectively processing experiential activities for personal and group growth.

Below are Knapp's categories with selected questions from each category. To view this work in its entirety contact Dr. Clifford E. Knapp, Associate Professor of Curriculum and Instruction at the Lorado Taft Field Campus---Northern Illinois University.

Communicating Effectively

1. How many different ways were used to communicate messages?
2. How did you know that what you communicated was understood?

Expressing Appropriate Feelings.

1. Can you name a feeling you had at any point in completing the activity.
2. Does expressing appropriate feelings help or hinder completing the initiative?

Deferring Judgment of Others

1. Is it difficult for you to avoid judging other? Explain.
2. Can you think of examples of when you judged others in the group today? . . .when you didn't judge others?

Listening

1. Who made suggestions for completing the activity?
2. Were all of these suggestions heard? Explain.

Leading Others

1. Who assumed leadership roles during the activity?
2. What were the behaviors that you described as showing leadership?

Following Others

1. Who assumed a follower role a times throughout the activity? How did it feel?
2. How did it feel to follow different leaders?

Making Group Decisions

1. How were group decisions made in completing the activity?
2. What is the best way for this group to make decisions? Explain.

Cooperating

1. Can you think of specific examples of when the group cooperated in completing the activity? Explain.
2. How did it feel to cooperate?

Respecting Human Differences

1. How are you different from some of the others in the group?
2. How do these differences strengthen the group as a whole?

Respecting Human Commonalities

1. How are you like some of the others in the group?
2. Were these commonalities a help to the group in completing their task? Explain.

Trusting the Group

1. Can you give examples of when you trusted someone in the group? Explain.
2. How do you increase your level of trust for someone?

Closure Questions

1. What did you learn about yourself?
2. How can you use what you learned in other life situations?