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311 Syllabus


Secondary Walls Form After Expansion Ceases

Occurs with Sclerenchyma & Tracheary Elements (Xylem)

They are Multilayered with Alternating Pitches -> Laminations -> Strength.

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This Cartoon Depicts the Layers of Primary and Secondary Cell Walls in a Sclerenchyma Fiber. The Primary Wall is deposited first. Comsequently, it will be the Outermost layer. Its Microfibrils will have a random orientation because they were deposited while the cell was elongating. The Microfibrils in the Secondary Wall layers are more highly organized and different wall  layers usually have a different pitch which further strengthens the entire wall.

Note the highly organized parallel arrangement of the Cellulose Microfibrils in this Cell Wall.

Also note the Transverse orientation of the Microfibrils in the two layers that are visible.

This is what you would expect to find in Secondary Cell Walls.

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More Cellulose

Cellulose Microfibrils -> more Parallel orientation

Lignin frequently present

Phenolic Polymer (Complex Structure)

Displaces H2O

Hydrophobic Mesh Bonds to Cellulose

Prevents wall Enlargement

Adds Mechanical Strength

Waterproofs the Wall

Resists Microbial Attack

Lignin stains Red in most Commercial Slides.

The wood cells above were stained with Phloroglucinol which stains Lignin red.

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