Pinophyta (Gymnosperms: Pinophytina. The Pinaceae are resinous trees or rarely shrubs
comprising about 9 genera and 225 species found mostly in temperate regions of the
Northern Hemisphere. The leaves are spirally disposed and are linear and needlelike. The
male or microsporangiate strobili are small, terminal, or more often clustered along the
stem axis, and consist of many papery microsporophylls, each with two microsporangia on
the lower surface. The pollen grains typically have two, bladderlike wings. The female
cones or megasporangiate strobili are woody and often large, consisting of many
ovuliferous scales, each with a pair of adaxial ovules and a more or less distinct
subtending bract.
Each "thumbnail" image below is linked to a larger photograph.
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Pinus lambertiana, sugar pine. Pines can grow to be very large. Though not
visible in this photo, this species has woody female cones a foot or more in length that
hang from the tips of the spreading branches. |
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Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine. Different species of pines have from 1-5
needles in a tightly spiralled cluster enveloped by a membranous sheath. This is a
so-called 3 needle pine. |
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Pinus longaeva, bristlecone pine. This species is distinguished by being
exceedingly long-lived, up to 4,900 years. Individual leaves may function for up to 45
years. Note five leaves per cluster and also the dark brown cluster of microsporangiate
strobili in the upper photo. The bristly structure in the lower photo is an ovuliferous
cone. |
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Pinus sp. Note the large cluster of microsporangiate strobili and the cloud of
pollen produced upon tapping the stem. |
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Pinus mugho, mugho pine. This is a 2-leafed pine. On the left is a mature brown
cone from which the winged seeds have already been dispersed. On the right is an immature
cone with the scales still fleshy and tightly appressed to the axis. Most members of the
family have cones that persist intact on the tree long after seed maturation. When they
finally drop they are still usually intact. Exceptions are found in the genera Cedrus
and Abies. |
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Pseudotsuga menziesii, Douglas fir. This genus has the leaves one per node in a
continuous spiral arrangement. It also has the most conspicuous cone bracts of any member
of the family. They are the green and orange 3-lobed, strongly exserted, reflexed
structures subtending each ovuliferous scale. |
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Picea pungens, Colorado blue spruce. Spruces have sharply pointed needles that
are square in cross section and are attached to the stem on short pegs called sterigmata.
The female cone is this photo has been placed on the branch in an unnatural position. |
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Cedrus atlantica, Atlantic cedar. This species has short lateral shoots with
closely spiralled leaves. Both male and female cones are terminal on these short spurs.
The female cone is on the left and the male cone is the brown and orange one on the right. |
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Cedrus deodara, Note that 2 winged seeds separate from each ovuliferous scale.
This genus is one of the exceptional ones for the family in that the cones disintegrate
while remaining on the tree. Nearly all of the scales have already abscised from the axis
of the cone. |
