with nomenclatural additions by
Since publication in 1992 by Botanical Review of my classification of the Angiospermae [Thorne, R.F. 1992b. Classification and geography of the flowering plant. Bot. Rev. 58: 225-348], many new contributions to their understanding have been made, especially for the Monocotyledoneae. This updated classification of that group is based on those contributions, especially those presented at the International Symposium "Monocotyledons: Systematics and Evolution" held at the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, England in July 1993 and published in two volumes under the same title by the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew (Rudall et al. 1995). This updated classification is dedicated to my good friend Rolf Dahlgren.
The biggest changes in my monocotyledon classification since 1992 are based upon the highly informative results produced by the molecular taxonomists through analyses of DNA sequence data from the chloroplast gene rbcL, other plastid genes, chloroplast restriction analysis of the inverted repeat, and nuclear rRNA sequencing, combined with morphological and other data. One caveat here is that most molecular trees based on sequence data, no matter how parsimonious, are single character trees. Morphology in all its aspects from micromorphology to embryology, palynology, seed, seedling, fruit, floral, leaf, and stem anatomy remain hugely important, especially with proper weighting. Some of the most important features are the ultraviolet fluorescence behavior of cell walls, sieve-element plastids, and epicuticular wax crystalloids, pollen sulcus type, ovule structure, and seed coat and seed storage tissues. Other valuable approaches are use of hostplants and their predators or parasites, plant geography, and comparative chemistry.
In the following synopsis of the Monocotyledoneae, the hierarchy consists in descending order of superorders (-anae), orders (-ales), suborders (-inae), families (-aceae), and subfamilies (-oideae). The names of all hierarchial ranks are based on the principle of priority. The numerals in parentheses as (7/72) indicates 7 genera, 72 species. In summary, I recognize in the Monocotyledoneae nine superorders, 24 orders, 16 suborders, 114 families, 82 subfamilies, 2778 genera, and 57,755 species.
[Note added by Reveal: I have added to Dr. Thorne's listing all of the authorships for suprageneric names as known to me currently. Names without authorships have yet to be checked for their validity. I have added full synonymy except at the rank of subfamily. Dr. Thorne's outline does not as yet lend itself to ascertaining where he would assign such names. Finally, I have numbered each entry.]
1. Triuridanae Thorne ex Reveal, 1992 (10/50)
1. Triuridales Hook.f., 1873 (10/50)
1. Petrosaviaceae Hutch., nom. cons., 1934 (1/3)
2. Triuridaceae Gardner, nom. cons., 1934
Lacandoniaceae E. Martínes & Ramos, 1989
2. Acoranae Reveal, 1997 (10/71)
1. Nartheciales Reveal & Zomlefer, 1998 (9/69)
Tofieldiales Reveal & Zomlefer, 1998
1. Tofieldiaceae Takht., 1995 (5/28)
Japonoliriaceae Takht., 1996
2. Nartheciaceae Fr. ex Bjurzon, 1846 (4/41)
Heloniadaceae J. Agardh, 1858
Lophiolaceae Nakai, 1943
2. Acorales Reveal, 1996 (1/2)
1. Acoraceae Martynov, 1820 (1/2)
3. Aranae Thorne ex Reveal, 1992 (109/ 3075)
1. Arales Dumort., 1829 (109/3075)
1. Araceae Juss., 1789, nom. cons. (105/3040)
Arisaraceae Raf., 1838
Caladiaceae Salisb., 1866
Callaceae Rchb. ex Bartl., 1830
Cryptocorynaceae J. Agardh, 1858
Dracontiaceae Salisb., 1866
Lentiscaceae Horan., 1843
Orontiaceae Bartl., 1830
Pistiaceae Rich. ex C. Agardh, 1822
Pothaceae Raf., 1838
1a. Gymnostachyoideae (1/2)
1b. Orontioideae Müll. Berol., 1860 (3/6)
1c. Pothoideae Engl., 1876 (4/880)
1d. Monsteroideae (Schott) Engl., 1876 (12/370)
1e. Lasioideae Engl., 1876 (10/55)
1f. Calloideae Endl., 1837 (1/1)
1g. Aroideae Arn., 1832 (73/1690)
2. Lemnaceae Gray, 1821, nom. cons. (4/37)
Wolffiaceae Bubani, 1901-1902
2a. Lemnoideae Bab., 1843 (2/16)
2b. Wolffioideae Engl., 1892 (2/21)
4. Alismatanae Takht., 1967 (57/415)
Butomanae Takht. ex Reveal, 1992
1. Alismatales Dumort., 1829 (34/200)
Butomales Hutch., 1934
Elodeales Nakai, 1950
Hydrocharitales Dumort., 1829
Vallisneriales Nakai, 1949
1. Butomaceae Rich., 1815, nom. cons. (1/1)
2. Limnocharitaceae Takht. ex Cronquist, 1981 (3/8)
3. Alismataceae Vent., 1799, nom. cons. (12/80)
Damasoniaceae Nakai, 1943
4. Hydrocharitaceae Juss., 1789, nom. cons. (18/110)
Blyxaceae (Aschers. & Gürcke) Nakai, 1949
Elodeaceae Dumort., 1829
Enhalaceae Nakai, 1943
Halophilaceae J. Agardh, 1858
Hydrillaceae Prantl, 1880
Najadaceae Juss., nom. cons., 1789
Stratiotaceae Link, 1829
Thalassiaceae Nakai, 1943
Vallisneriaceae Link, 1829
4a. Hydrocharitoideae Eaton, 1836 (16/105)
4b. Thalassioideae Aschers. & Gürcke, 1889 (1/2)
4c. Halophiloideae Aschers. & Gürcke, 1889 (1/4)
2. Potamogetonales Dumort., 1829 (23/215)
Aponogetonales Hutch., 1934
Cymodoceales Nakai, 1943
Juncaginales Hutch., 1934
Posidoniales Nakai, 1943
Ruppiales Nakai, 1950
Scheuchzeriales B. Boivin, 1956
Zosterales Nakai, 1943
1. Aponogetonineae (1/47)
1. Aponogetonaceae J. Agardh, 1858, nom. cons. (1/47)
2. Potamogetonineae Engl., 1898 (22/170)
1. Scheuchzeriaceae F. Rudolphi, 1830, nom. cons. (1/1)
2. Posidoniaceae Hutch., 1934, nom. cons. (1/9)
3. Cymodoceaceae N. Taylor, 1909, nom. cons. (5/16)
4. Ruppiaceae Horan. ex Hutch., 1934, nom. cons. (1/8)
5. Juncaginaceae Rich., 1808, nom. cons. (4/15)
Heterostylaceae Hutch., 1934
Lilaeaceae Dumort., 1829
Maundiaceae Nakai, 1943
Triglochinaceae Chevall., 1827
5a. Juncaginoideae (Rich.) Arn., 1832 (3/14)
5b. Lilaeoideae (1/1)
6. Potamogetonaceae Dumort., 1829, nom. cons. (3/90)
Hydrogetonaceae Link, 1829
7. Zosteraceae Dumort., 1829, nom. cons. (3/19)
8. Zannichelliaceae Dumort., 1829, nom. cons. (4/12)
5. Lilianae Takht., 1967 (1312/27300)
1. Liliales Perleb, 1826 (65/1545)
Alstroemeriales Hutch., 1934
Colchicales Dumort., 1829
Melanthiales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal, 1992
Paridales Dumort., 1829
Smilacales Lindl., 1833
Trilliales Takht., 1997
Veratrales Dumort., 1829
1. Campynemataceae Dumort., 1829 (2/4)
2. Melanthiaceae Batsch, 1802, nom. cons. (12/97)
Chionographidaceae (Nakai) Takht., 1996
Heloniadaceae J. Agardh, 1858
Veratraceae Salisb., 1807
Xerophyllaceae Takht., 1996
3. Trilliaceae Lindl., 1846, nom. cons. (2/70)
Paridaceae Dumort., 1827
4. Alstroemeriaceae Dumort., 1829, nom. cons. (5/165)
5. Colchicaceae DC., 1805, nom. cons. (21/240)
Bulbocodiaceae Salisb., 1866
Burchardiaceae Takht., 1996
Merenderaceae Mirb., 1804
Petermanniaceae Hutch., nom. cons.
Uvulariaceae A. Gray ex Kunth, 1843, nom. cons.
5a. Colchicoideae Burmeist., 1837 (15/220)
5b. Uvularioideae A. Gray, 1848 (5/19)
6. Rhipogonaceae Conran & Clifford, 1985 (1/6)
7. Smilacaceae Vent., 1799, nom. cons. (2/312)
8. Philesiaceae Dumort., 1829, nom. cons. (2/2)
9. Luzuriagaceae Lotsy, 1911 (2/5)
10. Calochortaceae Dumort., 1829 (1/65)
11. Liliaceae Juss., 1789, nom. cons. (11/545)
Erythroniaceae Martynov, 1820
Fritillariaceae Salisb., 1866
Liriaceae Batsch, 1786
Medeolaceae (S. Wats.) Takht., 1987
Tulipaceae Batsch, 1786
11a. Medeoloideae (2/6)
11b. Lilioideae Eaton, 1836 (9/540)
12. Tricyrtidaceae Takht., 1997 nom. cons. prop. (4/33)
Compsoaceae Horan., 1834
Scoliopaceae Takht., 1996
2. Taccales Dumort., 1829 (11/645)
Dioscoreales Hook.f., 1873
Tamales Dumort., 1829
1. Dioscoreaceae R. Br., 1810, nom. cons. (3/600)
Tamaceae Martynov, 1820
Tamnaceae J. Kickx f., 1826
2. Stenomeridaceae J. Agardh, 1858 (1/2)
3. Trichopodaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (2/2)
Avetraceae Takht., 1997
4. Pentastemonaceae Duyfjes, 1992 (1/2)
5. Stemonaceae Engl., 1887, nom. cons. (3/30)
Croomiaceae Nakai, 1937
Roxburghiaceae Wall., 1832
6. Taccaceae Dumort., 1829, nom. cons. (1/11)
3. Burmanniales Heintze, 1927 (15/165)
1. Burmanniaceae Blume, nom. cons. (9/95)
2. Thismiaceae J. Agardh, 1858, nom. cons. (4/40)
3. Corsiaceae Becc., 1878, nom. cons. (2/28)
4. Orchidales Raf., 1815 (1221/24,945)
Agavales Hutch., 1934
Alliales Traub, 1972
Asparagales Bromhead, 1838
Asteliales Dumort., 1829
Narcissales Dumort., 1829
Iridales Raf., 1815
Amaryllidales Bromhead, 1840
Ixiales Lindl., 1835
1. Orchidineae Rchb., 1841 (804/18,670)
1. Boryaceae (Baker) M.W. Chase, Rudall & Conran, 1997 (2/12)
2. Hypoxidaceae R. Br., 1814, nom. cons. (9/120)
3. Orchidaceae Juss., 1789, nom. cons. (788/18,500)
Apostasiaceae Lindl., 1833
Cypripediaceae Lindl., 1833
Limodoraceae Horan., 1847
Neottiaceae Horan., 1834
Neuwiediaceae (Burns-Bal. & V.A. Funk) R. Dahlgren ex Reveal Hoogland, 1991
Vanillaceae Lindl., 1835
3a. Apostasioideae Horan., 1847 (2/18)
3b. Vanilloideae (15/230)
3c. Cypripedioideae Kostel., 1831 (5/150-170)
3d. Spiranthoideae
3e. Orchidoideae Eaton, 1836
3f. Epidendroideae Kostel., 1831
4. Lanariaceae H. Huber ex R. Dahlgren & A.E. van Wyk, 1988 (1/1)
5. Asteliaceae Dumort., 1829 (3/35)
6. Blandfordiaceae R. Dahlgren & Clifford, 1985 (1/4)
2. Iridineae Engl., 1898 (79/1785)
1. Tecophilaeaceae Leyb., 1862, nom. cons. (7/32)
2. Doryanthaceae R. Dahlgren & Clifford, 1985 (1/2)
3. Ixioliriaceae (Pax) Nakai, 1943 (1/3)
4. Iridaceae Juss., 1789, nom. cons. (70/1750)
Crocaceae Vest, 1818
Galaxiaceae Raf., 1836
Geosiridaceae Jonker, 1939, nom. cons.
Gladiolaceae Raf., 1838
Isophysidaceae (Hutch.) F.A. Barkley, 1948
Ixiaceae Horan., 1834
4a. Isophysidoideae (1/1)
4b. Nivenioideae (6/85)
4c. Iridoideae Eaton, 1836 (36/720)
4d. Ixioideae Rchb. ex Klatt, 1866 (27/945)
3. Asphodelineae (36/630)
1. "Xeronemataceae" Thorne, ined. (1/2)
2. Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort., 1829, nom. cons. (1/30)
3. Asphodelaceae Juss., 1789, nom. cons. (15/510)
Aloaceae Batsch, 1802
3a. Asphodeloideae Burnett, 1835 (8/270)
3b. Alooideae Link, 1829 (7/240)
4. Hemerocallidaceae R. Br., 1810 (11/47)
Dianellaceae Salisb., 1866
Phormiaceae J. Agardh, 1858
4a. Hemerocallidoideae Kostel., 1831 (1/15)
4b. Phormioideae (10/32)
5. Johnsoniaceae Lotsy, 1911 (8/40)
4. Amaryllidineae (175/3315)
1. Anthericaceae J. Agardh, 1858 (8/285)
2. Laxmanniaceae Bubani, 1901-1902 (14/180)
Lomandraceae Lotsy, 1911
2a. Lomandroideae (5/65)
2b. Laxmannioideae (9/115)
3. Alliaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (17/800)
Cepaceae Salisb., 1866
Gilliesiaceae Lindl., 1826
Milulaceae Traub, 1972
Tulbaghiaceae Salisb., 1866
3a. Allioideae Herb., 1837 (6/700)
3b. Tulbaghioideae (1/22)
3c. Gilliesioideae (Lindl.) Arn., 1832 (10/75)
4. Agapanthaceae Voigt, 1850 (1/9)
5. Amaryllidaceae J. St.-Hil., 1805, nom. cons. (66/730)
Brunsvigiaceae Horan., 1834
Crinaceae Vest, 1818
Cyrtanthaceae Salisb., 1866
Galanthaceae G. Mey., 1836
Gethyllidaceae Raf., 1838
Haemanthaceae Salisb., 1866
Leucojaceae Batsch, 1786
Narcissaceae Juss., 1789, nom. cons.
Oporanthaceae Salisb., 1866
Pancratiaceae Horan., 1847
Strumariaceae Salisb., 1866
Zephyranthaceae Salisb., 1866
6. Hyacinthaceae Batsch, 1786 (40/900)
Eucomidaceae Salisb., 1866
Lachenaliaceae Salisb., 1866
Ornithogalaceae Salisb., 1866
Scillaceae Vest, 1818
7. Themidaceae Salisb., 1866 (12/60)
8. Aphyllanthaceae Burnett, 1835 (1/1)
9. Behniaceae Conran, M.W. Chase & Rudall, 1997 (1/1)
10. Anemarrhenaceae Conran, M.W. Chase & Rudall, 1997 (1/1)
11. Herreriaceae Endl., 1841 (2/9)
12. Agavaceae Endl., 1841, nom. cons. (10/315)
Yuccaceae J. Agardh, 1858
12a. Yuccoideae Kostel., 1831 (4/45)
12b. Agavoideae Herb., 1837 (6/270
13. Hesperocallidaceae Traub, 1972 (2/ 25)
Hostaceae B. Mathew, 1988
5. Asparagineae (29/675)
1. Asparagaceae Juss., 1789, nom. cons. (2/ca 200)
2. Dracaenaceae Salisb., 1866 (1/100)
Sansevieriaceae Nakai, 1936
3. Nolinaceae Nakai, 1943 (4/50)
4. Ruscaceae Sprengl. ex Hutch., 1934, nom. cons. (3/8)
5. Convallariaceae Horan., 1834 (18/215)
Aspidistraceae Endl., 1841
Ophiopogonaceae Endl., 1841
Peliosanthaceae Salisb., 1866
Polygonataceae Salisb., 1866
Tupistraceae Schnizl., 1846
6. Eriospermaceae Endl., 1841 (1/102)
6. Pandananae Thorne ex Reveal, 1992 (23/1325)
Cyclanthanae Thorne ex Reveal, 1996
1. Pandanales Lindl., 1833 (3/875)
1. Pandanaceae R. Br., 1810, nom. cons. (3/875)
Freycinetiaceae Brongn. ex Le Maout & Decne., 1868
1a. Pandanoideae Burnett, 1835 (2/700)
1b. Freycinetioideae Kurz, 1867 (1/175)
2. Cyclanthales J.H. Schaffn., 1929 (11/200)
1. Cyclanthaceae Dumort., 1829, nom. cons. (11/200)
1a. Carludovicoideae (10/200)
1b. Cyclanthoideae Burnett, 1835 (1/1)
3. Velloziales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal, 1992 (9/250)
1. Velloziaceae Endl., 1841, nom. cons. (8/250)
Barbaceniaceae Arn., 1832
1a. Vellozoideae (2/125)
1b. Xerophytoideae Herb., 1837 (6/125)
2. Acanthochlamydaceae (Shou C. Chen) P.C. Kao, 1989 (1/1)
7. Arecanae Takht., 1967 (194/2360)
1. Arecales Bromhead, 1840 (189/2350)
Cocosales Nakai, 1930
1. Arecaceae Schultz Sch., 1832, nom. cons. (189/2350)
Acristaceae O.F. Cook, 1913
Borassaceae Schultz Sch., 1832
Calamaceae Kunth ex Perleb, 1838
Ceroxylaceae O.F. Cook, 1913
Chamaedoreaceae O.F. Cook, 1913
Cocosaceae Schultz Sch., 1832
Coryphaceae Schultz Sch., 1832
Geonomataceae O.F. Cook, 1913
Iriarteaceae O.F. Cook & Doyle, 1913
Lepidocaryaceae O.F. Cook, 1913
Malortieaceae O.F. Cook, 1913
Manicariaceae O.F. Cook, 1910
Nypaceae Brongn. ex Le Maout & Decne., 1868
Palmae Juss., 1789, nom. cons. et nom. alt.
Phoenicaceae Burnett, 1835
Phytelephaceae Mart. ex Perleb, 1838
Pseudophoenicaceae O.F. Cook, 1913
Sabalaceae Schultz Sch., 1832
Sagaceae Schultz Sch., 1832
Synechanthaceae O.F. Cook, 1913
1a. Coryphoideae Burnett, 1835 (40/400)
1b. Nypoideae Engl., 1892 (1/1)
1c. Calamoideae Beilschm., 1833 (22/670)
1d. Ceroxyloideae Drude, 1877 (10/155)
1e. Arecoideae Burnett, 1835 (113/1115)
1f. Phytelephoideae Drude, 1887 (3/8)
2. Dasypogonales (4/8)
1. Dasypogonaceae Dumort., 1829 (4/8)
Baxteriaceae Takht., 1996
Kingiaceae Endl., 1838
1a. Dasypogonoideae (2/6)
1b. Kingioideae Meisn., 1842 (2/2)
3. Hanguanales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal, 1992 (1/2-5)
1. Hanguanaceae Airy Shaw, 1964 (1/2-5)
8. Hydatellanae Takht. ex Reveal, 1992 (2/10)
1. Hydatellales Cronquist, 1980 (2/10)
1. Hydatellaceae U. Hamann, 1976, nom. cons. (2/10)
9. Commelinanae Takht., 1967 (1061/23,150)
Bromelianae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal, 1992
Juncanae Takht., 1967
Pontederianae Takht. ex Reveal, 1992
Typhanae Thorne ex Reveal, 1992
Zingiberanae Takht. ex Reveal, 1993
1. Commelinales Dumort., 1829 (63/795)
Haemodorales Hutch., 1934
Pontederiales Hook.f., 1873
Philydrales Dumort., 1829
1. Commelinaceae R. Br., 1810, nom. cons. (40/650)
Cartonemataceae Pichon, 1946, nom. cons.
Ephemeraceae Batsch, 1802
Tradescantiaceae Salisb., 1807
1a. Cartonematoideae (2/12)
1b. Commelinoideae Eaton, 1836 (38/640)
2. Haemodoraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (13/100)
Conostylidaceae (Pax) Takht., 1987
Dilatridaceae M. Roem., 1840
Wachendorfiaceae Herb., 1837
Xiphidiaceae Dumort., 1829
2a. Haemodoroideae Arn., 1832 (8/34)
2b. Conostylidoideae Lindl., 1846 (5/65)
3. Pontederiaceae Kunth, 1816, nom. cons. (6/38)
Heterantheraceae J. Agardh, 1858
Unisemataceae Raf., 1837
4. Philydraceae Link, 1821, nom. cons. (4/5)
2. Cannales Dumort., 1829 (89/2200)
Amomales Lindl., 1835
Musales Reveal, 1997
Zingiberales Griseb., 1854
1. Musineae (2/40)
1. Musaceae Juss., 1789, nom. cons. (2/40)
2. Strelitzineae (3/7)
1. Strelitziaceae (K. Schum.) Hutch., 1934 (3/7)
3. Lowiineae (1/10)
1. Lowiaceae Ridl., 1924, nom. cons. (1/10)
4. Heliconiinae (1/200)
1. Heliconiaceae (A. Rich.) Nakai, 1941 (1/200)
5. Zingiberineae (50/1375)
1. Zingiberaceae Lindl., 1835, nom. cons. (46/1275)
Alpiniaceae R. Br. ex F. Rudolphi, 1830
Amomaceae J. St.-Hil., 1805
2. Costaceae Nakai, 1941 (4/100)
6. Cannineae (32/570)
1. Cannaceae Juss., 1789, nom. cons. (1/10-25)
2. Marantaceae Petersen, 1888, nom. cons. (31/550)
3. Bromeliales Dumort., 1829 (75/2820)
Mayacales Nakai, 1943
1. Bromeliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (58/2730)
Tillandsiaceae Wilbr., 1834
1a. Brocchinioideae (1/21)
1b. Tillandsioideae Burnett, 1835 (10/1250)
1c. Bromelioideae Burnett, 1835 (32/725)
1d. Pitcairnioideae (15/735)
2. Rapateaceae Dumort., 1829, nom. cons. (16/80)
2a. Rapateoideae Meisn., 1842 (7/24)
2b. Saxofridericioideae (9/55)
3. Mayacaceae Kunth, 1842 (1/4-10)
4. Xyridales Lindl., 1846 (14/1500)
Eriocaulales Nakai, 1930
1. Xyridineae (5/325)
1. Xyridaceae C. Agardh, 1823, nom. cons. (5/325)
Abolbodaceae Nakai, 1943
1a. Xyridoideae Kunth ex Arn., 1832 (2/300)
1b. Abolbodoideae (3/23)
2. Eriocaulineae (9/1175)
1. Eriocaulaceae P. Beauv. ex Desv., 1828 (9/1175)
5. Juncales Dumort., 1829 (112/5295)
Cyperales Hutch., 1934
1. Prioniaceae (1/1)
2. Thurniaceae Engl., 1907, nom. cons. (1/3)
3. Juncaceae Juss., 1789, nom. cons. (6/345)
4. Cyperaceae Juss., 1789, nom. cons. (104/4945)
Caricaceae Burnett, 1835
Kobresiaceae Gilly, 1952
Papyraceae Burnett, 1835
Scirpaceae Batsch, 1786
4a. Mapanioideae (14/140
4b. Cyperoideae Kostel., 1831 (71/2345)
4c. Sclerioideae Burmeist., 1837 (15/335)
4d. Caricoideae Kostel., 1831 (5/2125)
6. Typhales Dumort., 1829 (2/25)
1. Typhaceae Juss., 1789, nom. cons. (2/25)
Sparganiaceae F. Rudolphi, 1830, nom. cons.
1a. Sparganioideae Link, 1829 (1/14)
1b. Typhoideae Link, 1829 (1/8-13)
7. Restionales Hook.f., 1873 (719/10520)
Avenales Bromhead, 1838
Centrolepidales R. Dahlgr. ex Takht., 1997
Poales Small, 1903
1. Restionineae (61/535)
1. Anarthriaceae D.F. Cutler & Airy Shaw, 1965 (1/7)
2. Restionaceae R. Br., 1810, nom. cons. (53/490)
Elegiaceae Raf., 1838
3. Ecdeiocoleaceae D.F. Cutler & Airy Shaw, 1965 (2/2)
4. "Hopkinsiaceae" (1/2)
5. "Lyginiaceae" (1/1)
6. Centrolepidaceae Endl., 1836 (3/35)
2. Poineae (658/9980)
1. Flagellariaceae Dumort., 1829, nom. cons. (1/4)
2. Joinvilleaceae Toml. & A.C. Sm., 1970
3. Poaceae (R. Br.) Barnh., 1895, nom. cons. (656/9975)
Aegilopaceae Martynov, 1820
Agrostidaceae Burnett, 1835
Alopecuraceae Martynov, 1820
Andropogonaceae Martynov, 1820
Anomochloaceae Nakai, 1943
Anthoxanthaceae (Link) Pfeiff., 1872
Arundinaceae (Dumort.) Hochst., 1850
Arundinellaceae (Stapf) Herter, 1940
Asperellaceae Link ex Pfeiff., 1872
Avenaceae Martynov, 1820
Bambusaceae Burnett, 1835
Chaeturaceae Link ex Pfeiff., 1872
Chloridaceae Herter, 1940
Coleanthaceae (Link) Pfeiff., 1873
Cynosuraceae (Link) Pfeiff., 1873
Echinariaceae (Link) Pfeiff., 1873
Ehrhartaceae (Link) Pfeiff., 1874
Eragrostidaceae (Stapf) Herter, 1940
Festucaceae Spreng. ex Pfeiff., 1873
Glyceriaceae (Link) Pfeiff., 1874
Gramineae Juss., 1789
Hordeaceae Burnett, 1835
Lepturaceae (Dumort.) Herter, 1940
Melicaceae Martynov, 1820
Miliaceae Burnett, 1835
Nardaceae Martynov, 1820
Oryzaceae Burnett, 1835
Panicaceae Voigt, 1845
Pappophoraceae (Kunth) Herter, 1940
Parianaceae Nakai, 1943
Paspalaceae (Link) Pfeiff., 1873
Phalaridaceae Burnett, 1835
Pharaceae (Stapf) Herter, 1940
Saccharaceae Martynov, 1820
Spartinaceae Burnett, 1835
Sporobolaceae Herter, 1941
Stipaceae Burnett, 1835
Streptochaetaceae Nakai, 1943
Triticaceae Hochst., 1848
Zeaceae A. Kern., 1891
3a. Anomochlooideae Pilg ex Potztal, 1957 (2/4)
3b. Pharoideae (Stapf) L.G. Clark & Judz., 1996 (3/12)
3c. Bambusoideae Luerss., 1893] (65/965)
3d. Ehrhartoideae Link, 1827 (14-18/150)
3e. Pooideae Benth., 1861 (154/3275)
3f. Arundinoideae Burmeist., 1837 (49/605)
3g. Danthonioideae (19/275)
3h. Aristidoideae (1/250)
3i. Chloridoideae Burmeist., 1837 (130/1125)
3j. Centothecoideae (10/25)
3k. Panicoideae Link, 1827 (207/3290)
