Several important items relating to suprageneric names were approved at the Nomenclature Session held 26-30 Jul 1999 in conjuntion with the XVI International Botanical Congress in St. Louis, Missouri (see the proposals and the comments by the Rapporteurs). All final wording and disposition of proposed changes must be evaluated and edited into the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature by the Editorial Committee. The following proposals made by me were approved (19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 30 as amended from the floor), rejected (101) or referred to a newly established Special Committee on Suprageneric Names (24, 25, 26, 27 28 and 29):
The present Art. 16.1 shall be replaced with the following:
"16.1. The names of taxa above the rank of family are treated as nouns in the plural and are written with an initial capital letter. They may be either (a) automatically typified names formed by adding a termination denoting their rank to the genitive singular stem of a generic name, or (b) descriptive names that are formed differently, apply to taxa with a recognized circumscription, and may be used unchanged at different ranks."
"Ex. 1. Automatically typified names above the rank of family: Magnoliophyta, Gnetophytina, Pinopsida, Marattiidae, Piperanae, Fucales, Bromeliineae."
"Ex. 2. Descriptive names above the rank of family: Angiospermae, Anthophyta, Centrospermae, Chlorophyta, Coniferae, Enantioblastae, Gymnospermae, Parietales."
In considering Proposal 23, the Rapporteurs suggest some additional, modified wording that was approved and will be likely included in Art. 16.1. This will require some re-editing of the above wording so as to indicate that suprafamilial names are formed by "replacing the termination -aceae in a legitimate name of an included family by the termination denoting their rank." This will certain work for automatically typified names but will be difficult for some traditional descriptive names that lack distinctive terminations (e.g., Coniferae, Enantioblastae, Gymnospermae, etc.).
A new paragraph will be added to Art. 16, probably following the revised Art. 16.1:
"16.?. For automatically typified names, the name of a subdivision or subphylum which includes the type of the adopted name of a division or phylum, the name of a subclass which includes the type of the adopted name of a class, or the name of a suborder which includes the type of the adopted name of an to be order, are to be based on the same type."
"Ex. 3. Pteridophyta Bergen & B. M. Davis (1906) and Pteridophytina B. Boivin (1956); Gnetopsida Engl. (1898) and Gnetidae Cronquist & al. (1966); Liliales Perleb (1826) and Liliineae Rchb. (1841)."
Rec. 16A.4 shall be converted into a rule and will be added to Art. 16:
"16.?. When an automatically typified name above the rank of family has been published with a Latin termination not agreeing with the provisions of this Article, the termination must be changed to conform with the rule, without change of the author's name or date of publication (see Art. 32.6)."
"Ex. 4. "Cactarieae" (Dumortier, 1829, from Cactus) and "Coriales" (Lindley, 1833, from Coriaria) are to be corrected to Cactales Dumort. (1829) and Coriariales Lindl. (1833) respectively."
The concept expressed in an example in Art. 18 will be rendered into a rule in Art. 16. While the following examples were adopted, the Editorial Committee will consider all examples anew and one or more of the following may be revised or dropped entirely:
"16.?. Names of taxa above the rank of genus proposed with a non-Latin termination are not validly published."
"Ex. 5. "Acoroidées" (Kirschl., Fl. Alsace 2: 103. 1853-Jul 1857) is not to be accepted as "Acorales Kirschl.", because it has a French rather than a Latin termination. The name Acorales was later validated by Reveal (in Phytologia 79: 72. 1996)."
"Ex. 6. "Melantheen" (Kitt. in A. Richard, Nouv. Elém. Bot., ed. 3, Germ. transl.: 727. 1840) is not to be accepted as "Melanthieae Kitt.", because it has a German rather than a Latin termination. The name Melanthieae was validated later by Grisebach (Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 377. 1846)."
"Ex. 7. "Ginkgoales" (Tieghem in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 43: 209-210. 1897) is not to be accepted as "Ginkgoales Tiegh.", because as used by Tieghem the name has a French rather than a Latin termination. The name Ginkgoales was validated later by Bessey (in Trans. Amer. Microscop. Soc. 20: 95. 1910)."
The last example clearly is of concern as may be seen by the Rapporteurs' comments, but the point of adding the example is to make clear that even if the termination seemingly is given correctly, it may not be intended to be a latinized word. Tieghem used the termination "-ales" in this instance, like all of his other suprageneric names, with the French termination for the rank of order. The Rapporteurs' suggest that adoption of this principle would "lead to devalidation of many names of families and orders published in English texts." This would be true if the name is given as "ginkgoales" rather than "Ginkgoales" and there is evidence from the context that the author is using such words as common names. Like the Tieghem example, the intent of the nature of the word is clear from the context. When the Code alludes to suprageneric names and employees proper termination, surely no one suggests names such as Ginkgoaceae or Ginkgoales in the Code are in English rather than Latin. The example makes clear that one must be careful when considering the validity of certain names.
A proposed clarification of the Code regarding the use of illegitimate generic names as a type for a suprageneric name was adopted. The proposed rewording of the Rapporteurs was accepted although final wording is yet to be established by the Editorial Committee. Nonetheless, the following example will likely be added to the Code.
"Ex. 8. The names Caryophyllidae Takht. (Sist. Filog. Cvetk. Rast.: 144. 1967), Caryophyllanae Takht. (Sist. Filog. Cvetk. Rast.: 144. 1967) and Caryophyllales Perleb (Naturgesch. Pflanzenr.: 312. 1826) are legitimate because the family Caryophyllaceae Juss. (Gen. Pl.: 299. 1789) is conserved, even though its type, CaryophyllusMill. (1754) non L. (1753), is illegitimate."
The proposal to follow tradition and correct suprageneric names formed by adding the suffix Eu- failed seemingly meaning that numerous names now in current usage must be changed. Nonetheless, the question was referred to a newly established Special Committee on Suprageneric Names thereby leaving the matter unresolved. I urge members of the systematic community to follow tradition and continue to treat these names as orthographic errors rather than invalidly published names as now mandated by the Code. See my note entitled Impact of the Failure to Introduce Art. 16, Prop. F to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature for more details.
Without clear direction I am uncertain whether to recommend following tradition and continue deleting the suffix or find the first use of the name without the suffix.
Several other items were referred to an approved Special Committee on Suprageneric Names. These include Proposal 25 that converts Rec. 16A.1-3 to a rule:
"16.1septies. An automatically typified name of a taxon above the rank of family is formed by replacing the termination -aceae of an effectively published family name with a termination appropriate to the rank. The termination for each rank is as follows:
- Division or phylum: -phyta, unless it is a division or phylum of fungi (-mycota).
- Subdivision or subphylum: -phytina, unless it is a subdivision or subphylum of fungi (-mycotina).
- Class: -opsida, unless it is a class of algae (-phyceae) or fungi (-mycetes).
- Subclass: -idae, unless it is a subclass of algae (-phycidae) or fungi (-mycetidae).
- Superorder: -anae.
- Order: -ales.
- Suborder: -ineae."
There was strong support to remove the proposed termination for superorders. It is my hope the Special Committee will recommend the above proposal to the Vienna Congress in 2005 with the termination -anae recommended for use for names proposed at the rank of superorder.
Two other matters relating to Art. 16 were referred to the Special Committee, namely proposals 26 and 27:
"In choosing among typified names for a taxon above the rank of family, authors should generally follow the principle of priority. In choosing among competing names, authors should adopt those typified by an accepted family name."
"However, names of automatically typified taxa above the rank of family should be selected regardless of priority so as to retain a consistency among all of the appropriate ranks (e.g., Pinophyta, Pinophytina, Pinopsida, Pinidae, Pinales, Pininae, and Pinaceae; or Magnoliophyta, Liliopsida, Commelinidae, Commelinales, and Commelinaceae)."
A proposal to establish "-ita" as a termination for purposefully proposed unranked names after 1 Jan 2000 was defeated.
The proposal to establish ranks for the works of Engler and Prantl (Proposal 28) was referred to the Special Committee with the understanding that workers will continue the traditional practice of considering names that end with the terminations -oideae, -eae and -inae are to be regarded as proposed at the ranks of subfamily, tribe and subtribe respectively. Likewise, Proposal 29 that would allow certain unranked Endlicher names to be treated as if validly published at the rank of family was referred to the Committee with the same understanding that the traditional use of these names at the rank of family shall continue.
Proposal 30, revising Art. 35.2, as originally proposed was withdrawn and the following submitted from the floor:
35.2bquater. For suprageneric names published on or after 1 January 1908, the use of one of the terminations specified by Art. 17-19 and Rec. 16A is accepted as an indication of the corresponding rank, unless this (a) would conflict with the explicitly designated rank of the taxon (which takes precedence) or (b) would result in a rank sequence contrary to Art. 5(in which case Art. 33.5 applies).
Ex. 2bis. Jussieu (in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 12: 497. 1827) proposed Zanthoxyleae without specifying the rank. Although he employed the termination for tribe (-eae), the name is still unranked and the correct citation is Zanthoxyleae (A. Juss.) Dumort. (Anal. Fam. Pl.: 45. 1829) when the rank of tribe was ascribed by Dumortier to the Jussieu name.
Ex. 2quater. Lindley (Veg. Kingd.: 1846) assigned "subordo" (i.e., subfam.: Art. 19.2), "section" and "tribe" to some of his infrafamilial names; as a result, those names not assigned any rank are unranked regardless of the typography or arrangement of the names in the work, or the termination employed for each name.
Ex. 2quinquies. The names Parnassiales (p. 243), Lophiolaceae (p. 225), Ranzanioideae (p. 239) and Urospatheae (p. 217) are validly published by Nakai (Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.], 1943) and are to be accepted at the ranks of order, family, subfamily and tribe respectively by virtue of their terminations even though no rank was stated specifically.
The examples cited here and one in the original proposal, will be considered, namely: "Bartling (Ord. Nat. Pl.: 36. 1830), in his discussion of infrafamily groups in Restionaceae, termed them "tribe"; as this is the only rank used for his otherwise rankless infrafamilial names, all infrafamilial names are assigned the rank of tribe."
The means by which suprageneric names are currently validated were outlined in Proposal 31 as follows:
"41.0. In order to be validly published, the name of a taxon above the rank of family must be accompanied (a) by a description or diagnosis of the taxon, (b) by a reference (direct or indirect) to a previously and effectively published description or diagnosis of a taxon above the rank of genus, or (c) by a reference (direct or indirect) to a previously and effectively published description or diagnosis of a genus when the author of the new name indicates that no more than one genus belongs to the taxon. Such names proposed on or after 1 January 1935 must comply with Art. 36.1."
"Ex. 0. Cronquist (Syst. Class. Flow. Pl.: 1981: 94) validated Illiciales Hu ex Cronquist by a diagnosis in Latin, and Eucommiales Nemejc ex Cronquist (l.c.: 182) by a full and direct reference (Art. 32.4) to the original Latin description of the taxon's only genus, Eucommia Oliver (1890)."
"Ex. 0bis.The Superorder Myrtanae (Bartl.) Takht. (Sist. Filog. Cvetk. Rast.: 295. 1966) is validated solely by the transfer of a name at the rank of class (Myrtopsida Bartl., Ord. Nat. Pl.: 225, 326. 1830, 'Myrti'), which is associated with a description in Latin."
"Ex 0ter. The ordinal name "Barbeyales" was proposed by Takhtajan (Sist. Filog. Cvetk. Rast.: 130. 1967) who based it on Barbeyaceae Rendle (1916), a family name validated by a description in English. As this is contrary to Art. 36.1, the correct citation is Barbeyales Reveal & Takht. (in Phytologia 74: 172. 1993) where a full and direct reference (Art. 32.4) was provided to the Latin description of Barbeya Schweinf. (1892), the only genus of the order as there defined.
The proposed new paragraph for Art. 41 covering suprageneric names was referred to the Special Committee. This means all of the currently permitted ways for establishing such names in the Code, including (b), may continue to be used to validate a new suprageneric name.
A decision on the entire question of parenthetical authorship of names above the rank of genus was, once again, delayed. Proposals 32 established the principle that a parenthetical author would be required only if this was the only means by which the name was validated. The matter was referred to the Special Committee. The Committee seemingly has three options regarding parenthetical authors: (a) none shall be cited, (b) parenthetical authors shall be used on when this is the only way a name is validated, and (c) parenthetical authors shall be used whenever a basionym is mentioned by the proposing author even if the name is associated with the validating description or diagnosis.
After all of the proposal were considered, and the provisions relating to names in current use (proposed new Art. 15) were defeated, a proposal from the floor deleted Art. 14, footnote 2. As a result, the following is a tentatively revised App. IIB. The entries are subject to further editing and corrections by the Editorial Committee. A proposed editorial change suggested here is the retention the nom. alt. for such family names as Gramineae,Leguminosae and Umbelliferae but delete this implication from Poaceae, Fabaceae and Apiaceae respectively. Only by a special provision in the Code are the former correct names and made an alternative to the otherwise correct names. Obviously, with the removal of the footnote, the last paragraph of the introduction to App. IIB needs to be removed. Presently this states:
For purposes of this list the starting point for Spermatophyta is Jussieu's Genera plantarum (4 Aug 1789); earlier usage of listed names has been disregarded, irrespective of the fact that for family names the starting point is the same as for all other names of Spermatophyta, 1 May 1753. A decision of the Tokyo Congress authorizes, for the time being, the maintenance of authorship and dates of publication of names as listed in this Appendix (Art. 14 Note 1, footnote).
Corrections for both sections of App. II dealing with vascular plants are presented below. Again, the following listing is subject to a complete and thorough review by the Editorial Committee.
APPENDIX IIA
NOMINA FAMILIARUM ALGARUM, FUNGORUM
ET PTERIDOPHYTORUM CONSERVANDA ET REJICIENDAD. PTERIDOPHYTA
Adiantaceae Newman, Hist. Brit. Ferns: 5. 1-5 Feb 1840.
Typus: Adiantum L.(=)
Parkeriaceae Hook., Exot. Fl. 2: ad t. 147. Mar 1825.
Typus: Parkeria Hook.Dicksoniaceae (Gaud.) M.R. Schomb., Reis. Br.-Guiana 2: 1047. 12-15 Jul 1848 (trib. Dicksonieae Gaud. in Freycinet, Voy Uranie, Bot.: 367. 18 Jul 1829).
Typus: Dicksonia L'Hér.(=)
Thyrsopteridaceae C. Presl, Gefäßbündel Farrn: 22, 38. 1847.
Typus: Thyrsopteris KunzeDryopteridaceae Herter, Rev. Sudamer. Bot. 9: 15. 1949.
Typus: Dryopteris Adans. (nom. cons.).(=)
Peranemataceae (C. Presl) Ching in Sunyatsenia 5: 246. 30 Oct 1940 (nom. cons.). Peranemataceae (C. Presl) Ching in Sunyatsenia 5: 246. 30 Oct 1940 (trib. Peranemateae C. Presl [Tent. Pterid.] in Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 4, 5: 64. 1836 ([seors. impr.] ante 2 Dec).
Typus: Peranema D. Don(H)
Peranemataceae Buetschli in Bronn, Kl. Ordn. Thier-Reichs 1: 824. 1884, nom. illeg. [Algae, Euglenoph.].
Typus: Peranema Dujard., non D. DonAPPENDIX IIB
NOMINA FAMILIARUM BRYOPHYTORUM
ET SPERMATOPHYTORUM CONSERVANDAE. SPERMATOPHYTA
Abietaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin: 262. 1820.
Typus: Abies Mill.Acanthaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 265. 1782.
Typus: Acanthus L.Aceraceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 291. 1782.
Typus: Acer L.
Note: If this family is united with Sapindaceae, the name Aceraceae is rejected in favour of Sapindaceae.Achariaceae Harms in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtr. 1: 256. Oct 1897.
Typus: Acharia Thunb.Achatocarpaceae Heimerl in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 16c: 174. Jan-Apr 1934.
Typus: Achatocarpus TrianaActinidiaceae Gilg & Werderm. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 21: 36. 1925.
Typus: Actinidia Lindl.
If this family is united with Sarauiaceae, the name Actinidiaceae must be used.Adoxaceae E. Mey., Preuss. Pfl.-Gatt.: 198. 1839.
Typus: Adoxa L.
Aextoxicaceae Engl. & Gilg in Engler, Syllabus, ed. 8: 250. Jan-Feb 1920.
Typus: Aextoxicon Ruiz & Pav.Agavaceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 57, 58. 1829.
Typus: Agave L.Aizoaceae Martynov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 15. 1820.
Typus: Aizoon L.Akaniaceae Stapf in Bull. Misc. Inform. 1912: 380. 13 Dec 1912.
Typus: Akania Hook. f.Alangiaceae DC. ex Schltdl., Linnaea 2: 505. 1827.
Typus: Alangium Lam. (nom. cons.).Alismataceae Vent., Tabl. Règnè Vég. 2: 157. 5 Mai 1799.
Typus: Alisma L.Alliaceae Batsch, Dispos. Gen. Pl. Jenens.: 50. 1786.
Typus: Allium L.Alsinaceae (DC.) Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 250. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Alsine L. [ = Stellaria L.].
Note: If Alsinaceae is united with Caryophyllaceae, the name Alsinaceae is rejected in favour of Caryophyllaceae.Alstroemeriaceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 57, 58. 1829.
Typus: Alstroemeria L.Altingiaceae Horan., Tetractys: 25. 1843.
Typus: Altingia NoronhaAmaranthaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 266. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Amaranthus L.Amaryllidaceae J. St.-Hil., Expos. Fam. Nat. 1: 134. Feb-Apr 1805.
Typus: Amaryllis L.Amborellaceae Pichon in Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., ser. 2, 20: 384. 25 Oct 1948.
Typus: Amborella Baill.Ambrosiaceae Martynov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 23. 1820.
Typus: Ambrosia L.Amygdalaceae Marquis, Esq. Régnè Vég.: 49. 1820.
Typus: Amygdalus L.Anacardiaceae R. Br. in Tuckey, Narr. Exped. Zaire: 431. 5 Mar 1818.
Typus: Anacardium L.Ancistrocladaceae Planch. ex Walp. in Ann. Bot. Syst. 2: 175. 15-16 Dec 1851.
Typus: Ancistrocladus Wall. (nom. cons.).Annonaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 359. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Annona L.Apiaceae Lindl., Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 21. Jul 1836; see also Umbelliferae.
Typus: Apium L.Apocynaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 167. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Apocynum L.Aponogetonaceae J. Agardh, Theoria Syst. Pl.: 44. Apr-Sep 1858.
Typus: Aponogeton L. f. (nom. cons.).Apostasiaceae Lindl., Nix. Pl.: 22. 17 Sep 1833.
Typus: Apostasia BlumeAquifoliaceae A. Rich., Nouv. Elém. Bot., ed. 4: 555. 1828.
Typus: Aquifolium Mill., nom. illeg. (Ilex L.).Araceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 461. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Arum L.Araliaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 275. 1782.
Typus: Aralia L.Araucariaceae Henkel & W. Hochst., Syn. Nadelhölz.: xvii, 1. Jan 1865.
Typus: Araucaria Juss.Arecaceae Schultz Sch., Nat. Syst. Pflanzenr.: 317. 1832; see also Palmae.
Typus: Areca L.Aristolochiaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 71. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Aristolochia L.Asclepiadaceae Medik. ex Borkh., Bot. Wörterb. 1: 31. 1797.
Typus: Asclepias L.Asparagaceae Juss., Gen. Pl.: 40. 4 Aug 1789.
Typus: Asparagus L.Asteraceae Martynov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 55. 1820; see also Compositae.
Typus: Aster L.Asteranthaceae R. Knuth in Engler, Pflanzenr. 105: 1. 22 Aug 1939.
Typus: Asteranthos Desf.Austrobaileyaceae (Croizat) Croizat in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 15: 64. Mai 1943 (subfam. Austrobaileyoideae Croizat in J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 404. 24 Jul 1940).
Typus: Austrobaileya C. T. WhiteAvicenniaceae Endl., Ench. Bot.: 314. 15-21 Aug 1841.
Typus: Avicennia L.Balanitaceae Endl., Ench. Bot.: 547. 15-21 Aug 1841.
Typus: Balanites Delile (nom. cons.).Balanopaceae Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 3: v, 341. 7 Feb 1880.
Typus: Balanops Baill.Balanophoraceae Rich. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: 429. Nov 1822.
Typus: Balanophora J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.Balsaminaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin: 221. 1820.
Typus: Balsamina Mill. [ = Impatiens L.].Barbeyaceae Rendle in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 6(2): 14. Mar 1916.
Typus: Barbeya Schweinf.Barringtoniaceae (DC.) F. Rudolphi, Syst. Orb. Veg.: 56. 1830 (trib. Barringtonieae DC., Prodr. 3: 288. Mar 1828).
Typus: Barringtonia J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. (nom. cons.).Basellaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 261. 1782.
Typus: Basella L.Bataceae Perleb, Clav. Class.: 17. 1838.
Typus: Batis P. BrowneBegoniaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin: 270. 1820.
Typus: Begonia L.Berberidaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 283. 1782.
Typus: Berberis L.Betulaceae Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 222, 243. 1 Nov 1821.
Typus: Betula L.
Note: If this family is united with Corylaceae, the name Betulaceae must be used.Bignoniaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 265. 1782.
Typus: Bignonia L.Bixaceae Kunth, Malvac., Büttner., Tiliac.: 17. 1822.
Typus: Bixa L.Bombacaceae Kunth, Malvac., Büttner., Tiliac.: 5. 20 Apr 1822.
Typus: Bombax L.Boraginaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 173. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Borago L.Brassicaceae Burnett, Outl. Bot.: 854, 1123. Jun 1835; see also Cruciferae.
Typus: Brassica L.Bretschneideraceae Engl. & Gilg in Engler, Syllabus, ed. 9 & 10: 218. Nov-Dec 1924.
Typus: Bretschneidera Hemsl.Bromeliaceae Juss., Gen. Pl.: 49. 4 Aug 1789.
Typus: Bromelia L.Brunelliaceae Engl. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtr. 1: 182. Aug 1897.
Typus: Brunellia Ruiz & Pav.Bruniaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin: 226. 1820.
Typus: Brunia Lam. (nom. cons.).Brunoniaceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 19, 21. 1829.
Typus: Brunonia Sm. ex R. Br.Buddlejaceae K. Wilh., Samenpflanzen: 90. Oct 1910.
Typus: Buddleja L.Burmanniaceae Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae: 27. Oct-Dec 1827.
Typus: Burmannia L.Burseraceae Kunth in Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 2: 346. Jun 1824.
Typus: Bursera Jacq. ex L. (nom. cons.).Butomaceae Mirb., Hist. Nat. Pl. 8: 194. 1804.
Typus: Butomus L.Buxaceae Dumort., Comment. Bot.: 54. Nov (sero) - Dec (prim.) 1822.
Typus: Buxus L.Byblidaceae (Engl. & Gilg) Domin in Acta Bot. Bohem. 1: 3. 1922 (subfam. Byblidoideae Engl. & Gilg in Engler, Syllabus, ed. 7: 329. Oct 1912 - Mar 1913).
Typus: Byblis Salisb.Byttneriaceae R. Br. in Flinders, Voy. Terra Austr. 2: 540. 19 Jul 1814.
Typus: Byttneria Loefl. (nom. cons.).
Cabombaceae Rich. ex A. Rich. in Bory, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 2: 608. 31 Dec 1822.
Typus: Cabomba Aubl.Cactaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 287. 1782.
Typus: Cactus L. (nom. rej.) (Mammillaria Haw., nom. cons.).Caesalpiniaceae R. Br. in Flinders, Voy. Terra Austr. 2: 551. 19 Jul 1814.
Typus: Caesalpinia L.Callitrichaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin: 271. 1820.
Typus: Calliriche L.Calycanthaceae Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 5: ad t.: 404. 1 Oct 1819.
Typus: Calycanthus L. (nom. cons.).Calyceraceae R. Br. ex Rich. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 74. Nov 1820.
Typus: Calycera Cav. (nom. cons.).Campanulaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 132. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Campanula L.Canellaceae Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 168, 170. Sep 1832.
Typus: Canella P. Browne (nom. cons.).Cannabaceae Martynov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 99. 1820.
Typus: Cannabis L.Cannaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 258. 1782.
Typus: Canna L.Capparaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 402. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Capparis L.Caprifoliaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 153. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Caprifolium Mill. (Lonicera L.).Cardiopteridaceae Blume, Rumhia 3: 205. Jun 1847.
Typus: Cardiopteris Wall. ex RoyleCaricaceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 37, 42. 1829.
Typus: Carica L.Cartonemataceae Pichon in Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 219. Feb 1946.
Typus: Cartonema R. Br.Caryocaraceae Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt.: 88. 1845.
Typus: Caryocar L.Caryophyllaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 285. 1782.
Typus: Caryophyllus Mill., non L. (Dianthus L.).
Note: If this family is united with Alsinaceae, the name Caryophyllaceae must be used.Cassythaceae Bartl. ex Lindl., Nix. Pl.: 15. 17 Sep 1833.
Typus: Cassytha L.Casuarinaceae R. Br. in Flinders, Voy. Terra Austr. 2: 571. 19 Jul 1814.
Typus: Casuarina L.Celastraceae R. Br. in Flinders, Voy. Terra Austr. 2: 554. 19 Jul 1814.
Typus: Celastrus L.
Note: If this family is united with Hippocrateaceae, the name Celastraceae must be used.Centrolepidaceae Endl., Gen. Pl.: 119. Dec 1836.
Typus: Centrolepis Labill.Cephalotaceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 59, 61. 1829.
Typus: Cephalotus Labill. (nom. cons.).Cephalotaxaceae Neger, Nadelhölzer: 23, 30. Oct-Nov 1907.
Typus: Cephalotaxus Siebold & Zucc. ex Endl.Ceratophyllaceae Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 395, 554. 1 Nov 1821.
Typus: Ceratophyllum L.Cercidiphyllaceae Engl., Syllabus, ed. 5: 126. Jul 1907.
Typus: Cercidiphyllum Siebold & Zucc.Chenopodiaceae Vent., Tabl. Règnè Vég. 2: 253. 5 Mai 1799.
Typus: Chenopodium L.Chloranthaceae R. Br. ex Sims in Bot. Mag. 48: ad t. 2190. 1820.
Typus: Chloranthus Sw.Chrysobalanaceae R. Br. in Tuckey, Narr. Exped. Zaire: 433. 5 Mar 1818.
Typus: Chrysobalanus L.Cichoriaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 272. 1782.
Typus: Cichorium L.Circaeasteraceae Hutch., Fam. Fl. Pl. 1: 98. Feb-Mar 1926.
Typus: Circaeaster Maxim.Cistaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 434. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Cistus L.Clethraceae Klotzsch in Linnaea 24: 12. Mai 1851.
Typus: Clethra L.Clusiaceae Lind., Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 74. Jul 1836; see also Guttiferae.
Typus: Clusia L.Cneoraceae Vest, Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 267, 285. 1818.
Typus: Cneorum L.Cochlospermaceae Planch. in London J. Bot. 6: 305. Jun-Jul 1847.
Typus: Cochlospermum Kunth (nom. cons.).Colchicaceae DC., Essai Propr. Méd. Pl.: 56. 1804.
Typus: Colchicum L.Columelliaceae D. Don in Edinburgh New Philos. J. 6: 46, 49. 1828.
Typus: Columellia Ruiz & Pav. (nom. cons.).Combretaceae R. Br., Prodr.: 351. 27 Mar 1810.
Typus: Combretum Loefl. (nom. cons.).Commelinaceae Mirb. in Hist. Nat. Pl. 8: 177. 1804.
Typus: Commelina L.Compositae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 103. Jul-Aug 1763; nom. alt.: Asteraceae.
Typus: Aster L.Connaraceae R. Br. in Tuckey, Narr. Exped. Zaire: 431. 5 Mar 1818.
Typus: Connarus L.Convolvulaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 268. 1782.
Typus: Convolvulus L.Cordiaceae R. Br. ex Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 20, 25. 1829.
Typus: Cordia L.
Note: If this family is united with Ehretiaceae, the name Cordiaceae must be used.Coriariaceae DC., Prodr. 1: 739. Jan 1824.
Typus: Coriaria L.Cornaceae (Dumort.) Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 33, 34. 1829 (trib. Corneae Dumort., Fl. Belg.: 83. 1827-1830).
Typus: Cornus L.Corsiaceae Becc. in Malesia 1: 238. Sep 1878.
Typus: Corsia Becc.Corylaceae Mirb., Elém. Physiol. Vég. Bot. 2: 906. 1815.
Typus: Corylus L.
Note: If this family is united with Betulaceae, the name Corylaceae is rejected in favour of Betulaceae.Corynocarpaceae Engl. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtr. 1: 215. Oct 1897.
Typus: Corynocarpus J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.Crassulaceae J. St.-Hil., Expos. Fam. Nat. 2: 123. Feb-Apr 1805.
Typus: Crassula L.Crossosomataceae Engl. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtr. 1: 185. Aug 1897.
Typus: Crossosoma Nutt.Cruciferae Adans., Gen. Pl. 2: 409. Jul-Aug 1763; see also Brassicaceae.
Typus: Brassica L.Crypteroniaceae A. DC., Prodr. 16(2): 677. Jul 1868.
Typus: Crypteronia BlumeCucurbitaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 271. 1782.
Typus: Cucurbita L.Cunoniaceae R. Br. in Flinders, Voy. Terra Austr. 2: 548. 19 Jul 1814.
Typus: Cunonia L. (nom. cons.).Cupressaceae Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 222, 225. 1 Nov 1821.
Typus: Cupressus L.Cuscutaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin: 247. 1820.
Typus: Cuscuta L.Cyanastraceae Engl. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 357. 22 Mai 1900.
Typus: Cyanastrum Oliv.Cycadaceae Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 630. Sep 1807.
Typus: Cycas L.Cyclanthaceae Poit. ex A. Rich. in Bory, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 5: 222. 15 Mai 1824.
Typus: Cyclanthus Poit. ex A. Rich.Cymodoceaceae N. Taylor in N. Amer. Fl. 17: 31. 30 Jun 1909.
Typus: Cymodocea K. D. Koenig (nom. cons.).Cynomoriaceae (C. Agardh) Endl. ex Lindl., Nix. Pl.: 23. 17 Sep 1833 ([unranked] Cynomorieae C. Agardh, Aphor. Bot.: 203. 13 Jun 1824).
Typus: Cynomorium L.Cyperaceae Juss., Gen. Pl.: 26. 4 Aug 1789.
Typus: Cyperus L.Cyrillaceae Endl., Ench. Bot.: 578. 15-21 Aug 1841.
Typus: Cyrilla Garden ex L.Daphniphyllaceae Müll. Arg. in Candolle, Prodr. 16(1): 1. Nov 1869.
Typus: Daphniphyllum BlumeDatiscaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin: 217. 1820.
Typus: Datisca L.Degeneriaceae I. W. Bailey & A. C. Sm. in J. Arnold Arbor. 23: 357. 15 Jul 1942.
Typus: Degeneria I. W. Bailey & A. C. Sm.Desfontainiaceae Endl., Ench. Bot.: 336. 15-21 Aug 1841.
Typus: Desfontainia Ruiz & Pav.Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni in Lilloa 17: 253. 30 Dec 1948.
Typus: Dialypetalanthus Kuhlm.Diapensiaceae (Link) Lindl., Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 233. Jul 1836 (subfam. Diapensioideae Link, Handbuch 1: 595. Jan-Aug 1829).
Typus: Diapensia L.Dichapetalaceae Baill. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 12(1): 365. 1 Apr 1886.
Typus: Dichapetalum ThouarsDichondraceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 20, 24. 1829.
Typus: Dichondra J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.Diclidantheraceae J. Agardh, Theoria Syst. Pl.: 195. Apr-Sep 1858.
Typus: Diclidanthera Mart.Didiereaceae Radlk. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(5): 462. 1896.
Typus: Didierea Baill.Dilleniaceae Salisb., Parad. Lond. 2: ad t. 73. Jun 1807.
Typus: Dillenia L.Dioncophyllaceae (Gilg) Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 1951: 333. 26 Jan 1952 (subtrib. Dioncophyllinae Gilg in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 21: 390, 420. Dec 1925).
Typus: Dioncophyllum Baill.Dioscoreaceae R. Br., Prodr.: 294. 27 Mar 1810.
Typus: Dioscorea L.Dipentodontaceae Merr. in Brittonia 4: 69, 73. 16 Dec 1941.
Typus: Dipentodon DunnDipsacaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 274. 1782.
Typus: Dipsacus L.Dipterocarpaceae Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 222. 20 Sep - 7 Dec 1825.
Typus: Dipterocarpus C. F. Gaertn.Dodonaeaceae Link, Handbuch 2: 441. Jan-Aug 1831.
Typus: Dodonaea Mill.Donatiaceae (Engl.) B. Chandler in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 44. Nov 1911 (trib. Donatieae Engl. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(2a): 46. Dec 1890).
Typus: Donatia J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. (nom. cons.).Dracaenaceae Salisb., Gen. Pl.: 73. Apr-Mai 1866.
Typus: Dracaena Vand. ex L.Droseraceae Salisb., Parad. Lond. 2: ad t. 95. 1808.
Typus: Drosera L.Dysphaniaceae (Pax) Pax in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 230. 15 Jun 1927 (trib. Dysphanieae Pax in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(1b): 69, 92. 1889).
Typus: Dysphania R. Br.Ebenaceae Gürke in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(1): 153. Dec 1891.
Typus: Ebenus Kuntze, non L. (Maba J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.).Ehretiaceae Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 2: 136, 138. Sep 1827.
Typus: Ehretia P. Browne
Note: If this family is united with Cordiaceae, the name Ehretiaceae is rejected in favour of Cordiaceae.Elaeagnaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 77. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Elaeagnus L.Elaeocarpaceae Juss. ex DC., Essai Propr. Méd. , ed. 2: 87. 1816.
Typus: Elaeocarpus L.Elatinaceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 44, 49. 1829.
Typus: Elatine L.Empetraceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin: 251. 1820.
Typus: Empetrum L.Epacridaceae R. Br., Prodr.: 535. 27 Mar 1810.
Typus: Epacris Cav. (nom. cons.).Ephedraceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 11, 12. 1829.
Typus: Ephedra L.Ericaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 270. 1782.
Typus: Erica L.Eriocaulaceae Martynov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 237. 1820.
Typus: Eriocaulon L.Erythropalaceae Pilg. & K. Krause in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 4: 74. 1914.
Typus: Erythropalum BlumeErythroxylaceae Kunth in Humboldt & al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 5, ed. 4º: 175 [ & ed. fº: 135]. 25 Feb 1822.
Typus: Erythroxylum P. BrowneEscalloniaceae R. Br. ex Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 35, 37. 1829.
Typus: Escallonia Mutis ex L. f.Eucommiaceae Engl., Syllabus, ed. 6: 145. Jun-Dec 1909.
Typus: Eucommia Oliv.Eucryphiaceae Endl., Ench. Bot.: 528. 15-21 Aug 1841.
Typus: Eucryphia Cav.Euphorbiaceae J.F. Gmel., Alleg. Gesch. Pflanzengifte: 23, 119. 1777.
Typus: Euphorbia L.Eupomatiaceae Endl., Ench. Bot.: 425. 15-21 Aug 1841.
Typus: Eupomatia R. Br.Eupteleaceae K. Wilh., Samenpflanzen: 17. Oct 1910.
Typus: Euptelea Siebold & Zucc.Fabaceae Lindl., Bot. Reg. 22: ad t. 1845. 1 Apr 1836; see also Leguminosae, Papilionaceae.
Typus: Faba Mill. [ = Vicia L.].Fagaceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 11, 12. 1829.
Typus: Fagus L.Flacourtiaceae Rich., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 1: 366. 1815-1816.
Typus: Flacourtia Comm. ex L'Hér.
Note: If this family is united with Samydaceae, the name Flacourtiaceae must be used.Flagellariaceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 59, 60. 1829.
Typus: Flagellaria L.Fouquieriaceae DC., Prodr. 3: 349. Mar (med.) 1828.
Typus: Fouquieria KunthFrancoaceae A. Juss. in Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 25: 9. Jan 1832.
Typus: Francoa Cav.Frankeniaceae Desv. in Gérardin & Desv., Dict. Rais. Bot.: 188. 1817.
Typus: Frankenia L.Fumariaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin: 216. 1820.
Typus: Fumaria L.Garryaceae Lindl. in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 20: ad t. 1686. 1 Jul 1834.
Typus: Garrya Douglas ex Lindl.Geissolomataceae Endl., Ench. Bot.: 214. 15-21 Aug 1841.
Typus: Geissoloma Lindl. ex KunthGentianaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 268. 1782.
Typus: Gentiana L.Geosiridaceae Jonker in Receuil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 36 [Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 60]: 477. [seors. impr.] 18 Mai 1939.
Typus: Geosiris Baill.Geraniaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 384. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Geranium L.Gesneriaceae Rich. & Juss. ex DC., Essai Propr. Méd. Pl., ed. 2: 192. 11 Mai 1816.
Typus: Gesneria L.Ginkgoaceae Engl. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtr. 1: 19. Jul 1897.
Typus: Ginkgo L.Globulariaceae DC. in Lamarck & Candolle, Fl. Franç., ed. 3, 3: 427. 17 Sep 1805.
Typus: Globularia L.Gnetaceae Blume, Nov. Pl. Expos.: 23. Aug-Dec 1833.
Typus: Gnetum L.Gomortegaceae Reiche in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 14: 232. 19 Aug 1896.
Typus: Gomortega Ruiz & Pav.Gonystylaceae Tiegh. in Bot. Jahresber (Just) 21: 390. Jul-Dec 1896.
Typus: Gonystylus Teijsm. & Binn.Goodeniaceae R. Br., Prodr.: 573. 27 Mar 1810.
Typus: Goodenia Sm.Gramineae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 26. Jul-Aug 1763; nom. alt.: Poaceae.
Typus: Poa L.Greyiaceae Hutch., Fam. Fl. Pl. 1: 202. Feb-Mar 1926.
Typus: Greyia Hook. & Harv.Grossulariaceae DC. in Lamarck & Candolle, Fl. Franç., ed. 3, 4(2): 405. 17 Sep 1805.
Typus: Grossularia Mill.Grubbiaceae Endl., Gen. Pl.: xiv. Jan 1839.
Typus: Grubbia P. J. BergiusGunneraceae Meisn., Pl. Vasc. Gen., Tab. Diagn.: 345, 346; Comm.: 257. 13-15 Feb 1842.
Typus: Gunnera L.Guttiferae Juss., Gen. Pl.: 255. 4 Aug 1789; nom. alt.: Clusiaceae.
Typus: Clusia L.Gyrostemonaceae Endl., Ench. Bot.: 509. 15-21 Aug 1841.
Typus: Gyrostemon Desf.Haemodoraceae R. Br., Prodr.: 299. 27 Mar 1810.
Typus: Haemodorum Sm.Haloragaceae R. Br. in Flinders, Voy. Terra Austr. 2: 549. 19 Jul 1814.
Typus: Haloragis J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.Hamamelidaceae R. Br. in Abel, Narr. Journey China: 374. Aug 1818.
Typus: Hamamelis L.Heliotropiaceae Schrad. in Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. Recent. 4: 192. Dec 1819.
Typus: Heliotropium L.Hernandiaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin: 235. 1820.
Typus: Hernandia L.Heteropyxidaceae Engl. & Gilg in Engler, Syllabus, ed. 8: 281. Jan-Feb 1920.
Typus: Heteropyxis Harv. (nom. cons.).Himantandraceae Diels in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 55: 126. 27 Nov 1917.
Typus: Himantandra F. Muell. ex Diels [ = Galbulimima F. M. Bailey].Hippocastanaceae A. Rich., Bot. Méd.: 680. 1823.
Typus: Hippocastanum Mill. (Aesculus L.).Hippocrateaceae Juss. in Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 18: 486. Jul-Aug 1811.
Typus: Hippocratea L.
Note: If this family is united with Celastraceae, the name Hippocrateaceae is rejected in favour of Celastraceae.Hippuridaceae Vest, Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 265, 278. 1818.
Typus: Hippuris L.Hoplestigmataceae Gilg in Engler, Syllabus, ed. 9 & 10: 322. Nov-Dec 1924.
Typus: Hoplestigma PierreHumbertiaceae Pichon in Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 23. Jul-Sep 1947.
Typus: Humbertia Lam.Humiriaceae A. Juss. in Saint-Hilaire, Fl. Bras. Merid. 2: 87. 10 Oct 1829.
Typus: Humiria Aubl. (nom. cons.).Hydnoraceae C. Agardh, Aphor. Bot.: 88. 21 Dec 1821.
Typus: Hydnora Thunb.Hydrangeaceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 36, 38. 1829.
Typus: Hydrangea L.Hydrocharitaceae Juss., Gen. Pl.: 67. 4 Aug 1789.
Typus: Hydrocharis L.Hydrocotylaceae (Drude) Hyl. [Nomenkl. Stud. Nord. Gefässpfl.] in Uppsala Univ. Årsskr. 1945(7): 20. Jun-Dec 1945 (subfam. Hydrocotyloideae Drude in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 114, 116. Dec 1897).
Typus: Hydrocotyle L.Hydrophyllaceae R. Br. in Bot. Reg. 3: ad t. 242. 1 Dec 1817.
Typus: Hydrophyllum L.Hydrostachyaceae (Tul.) Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20: 136. 1894 (trib. Hydrostachyeae Tul., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 11: 91. Feb 1849).
Typus: Hydrostachys ThouarsHypericaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 285. 1782.
Typus: Hypericum L.Hypoxidaceae R. Br. in Flinders, Voy. Terra Austr. 2: 576. 19 Jul 1814.
Typus: Hypoxis L.Icacinaceae (Benth.) Miers in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, 8: 174. Sep 1851 (trib. Icacineae Benth. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, 7: 215. Mai 1841).
Typus: Icacina A. Juss.Illecebraceae R. Br., Prodr.: 413. 27 Mar 1810.
Typus: Illecebrum L.Illiciaceae (DC.) A. C. Sm. in Sargentia 7: 8. 28 Nov 1947 (trib. Illicieae DC., Prodr. 1: 77. Jan 1824).
Typus: Illicium L.Iridaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 257. 1782.
Typus: Iris L.Irvingiaceae (Engl.) Exell & Mendonça, Consp. Fl. Angol. 1: 279, 395. 20 Aug 1951 (subfam. Irvingioideae Engl. in Engler & Drude, Veg. Erde 9(3,1): 765. Feb-Sep 1915).
Typus: Irvingia Hook. f.Iteaceae J. Agardh, Theoria Syst. Pl.: 151. Apr-Sep 1858.
Typus: Itea L.Ixonanthaceae Planch. ex Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): viii. 30 Sep 1858.
Typus: Ixonanthes JackJuglandaceae DC. ex Perleb, Vers. Artzneikr. Pfl.: 143. 1818.
Typus: Juglans L.Julianiaceae Hemsl. in J. Bot. 44: 379. Oct 1906.
Typus: Juliania Schltdl., non La Llave & Lex. (Amphipterygium Standl.).Juncaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 255. 1782.
Typus: Juncus L.Juncaginaceae Rich., Démonstr. Bot.: ix. Mai 1808.
Typus: Juncago Ség. (Triglochin L.).
Note: If this family is united with Potamogetonaceae, the name Juncaginaceae is rejected in favour of Potamogetonaceae.Koeberliniaceae Engl. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6): 319. 14 Mai 1895.
Typus: Koeberlinia Zucc.Krameriaceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 20, 23. 1829.
Typus: Krameria L.Labiatae Adans., Gen. Pl. 2: 180. Jul-Aug 1763; nom. alt.: Lamiaceae.
Typus: Lamium L.Lacistemataceae Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1: 158. Jan-Mar 1826.
Typus: Lacistema Sw.Lactoridaceae Engl. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(2): 19. Feb 1888.
Typus: Lactoris Phil.Lamiaceae Martynov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 355. 1820; see also Labiatae.
Typus: Lamium L.Lardizabalaceae R. Br., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 13: 212. 1821.
Typus: Lardizabala Ruiz & Pav.Lauraceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 283. 1782.
Typus: Laurus L.Lecythidaceae Rich. ex A. Rich. in Bory, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 9: 269. 25 Feb 1825.
Typus: Lecythis Loefl.Leeaceae (DC.) Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 21, 27. 1829 (trib. Leeeae DC., Prodr. 1: 635. Jan 1824).
Typus: Leea D. Royen ex L. (nom. cons.).Leguminosae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 306. Jul-Aug 1763; nom. alt.: Fabaceae.
Typus: Faba Mill. [ = Vicia L.].Leitneriaceae Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 3: vi, 396. 7 Feb 1880.
Typus: Leitneria Chapm.Lemnaceae Martynov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 362. 1820.
Typus: Lemna L.Lennoaceae Solms in Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 11: 174. 7 Jan 1870.
Typus: Lennoa La Llave & Lex.Lentibulariaceae Rich. in Poiteau & Turpin, Fl. Paris. 1, ed. 4º: 26 [ & ed. fº: 23]. 1808.
Typus: Lentibularia Ség. (Utricularia L.).Lepidobotryaceae J. Léonard in Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat 20: 38. Jun 1950.
Typus: Lepidobotrys Engl.Lilaeaceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 62, 65. 1829.
Typus: Lilaea Bonpl.Liliaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 42. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Lilium L.Limnanthaceae R. Br. in London Edinburgh Philos. Mag. & J. Sci. 3: 70. 1833.
Typus: Limnanthes R. Br. (nom. cons.).Limoniaceae Ser., Fl. Pharm.: 456. 1851.
Typus: Limonium Mill. (nom. cons.).Linaceae DC. ex Perleb, Vers. Artzneikr. Pfl.: 107. 1818.
Typus: Linum L.Lissocarpaceae Gilg in Engler, Syllabus, ed. 9 & 10: 324. Nov-Dec 1924.
Typus: Lissocarpa Benth.Loasaceae Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 5: 21. 1804.
Typus: Loasa Adans.Lobeliaceae Bonpl., Descr. Pl. Malmaison: 19, ad t. 7. 1813.
Typus: Lobelia L.Loganiaceae R. Br. in Flinders, Voy. Terra Austr. 2: 564. 19 Jul 1814.
Typus: Logania R. Br. (nom. cons.).Loranthaceae Juss. in Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 12: 292. 1808.
Typus: Loranthus Jacq. (nom. cons.).Lowiaceae Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 4: 291. 1 Dec 1924.
Typus: Lowia Scort. [ Orchidantha N. E. Br.].Lythraceae J. St.-Hil., Expos. Fam. Nat. 2: 175. Feb-Apr 1805.
Typus: Lythrum L.Magnoliaceae Juss., Gen. Pl.: 280. 4 Aug 1789.
Typus: Magnolia L.Malaceae Small ex Britt. in Small, Fl. S.E. U.S.: 529. 22 Jul 1903.
Typus: Malus Mill.Malesherbiaceae D. Don in Edinburgh New Philos. J. 2: 321. 1827.
Typus: Malesherbia Ruiz & Pav.Malpighiaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 280. 1782.
Typus: Malpighia L.Malvaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 390. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Malva L.Marantaceae R. Br. in Flinders, Voy. Terra Austral. 2: 575. 19 Jul 1814.
Typus: Maranta L.Marcgraviaceae Juss. ex DC., Essai Propr. Méd. , ed. 2: 87. 11 Mai 1816.
Typus: Marcgravia L.Martyniaceae Horan., Char. Ess. Fam.: 130. 184.
Typus: Martynia L.Mayacaceae Kunth in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Phys. Abh. 1840: 93. 1842.
Typus: Mayaca Aubl.Medusagynaceae Engl. & Gilg in Engler, Syllabus, ed. 9 & 10: 280. Nov-Dec 1924.
Typus: Medusagyne BakerMedusandraceae Brenan in Kew Bull. 1952: 228. 25 Jul 1952.
Typus: Medusandra BrenanMelanthiaceae Batsch, Dispos. Gen. Pl. Jenens.: 50. 1786.
Typus: Melanthium L.Melastomataceae Juss., Gen. Pl.: 328. 4 Aug 1789.
Typus: Melastoma L.Meliaceae Juss., Gen. Pl.: 263. 4 Aug 1789.
Typus: Melia L.Melianthaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin: 220. 1820.
Typus: Melianthus L.Menispermaceae Juss., Gen. Pl.: 284. 4 Aug 1789.
Typus: Menispermum L.Menyanthaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin: 1(115): 1. 1823.
Typus: Menyanthes L.Mesembryanthemaceae Burnett, Outl. Bot.: 737, 1092, 1131. Jun 1835.
Typus: Mesembryanthemum L.Mimosaceae R. Br. in Flinders, Voy. Terra Austr. 2: 551. 19 Jul 1814.
Typus: Mimosa L.Misodendraceae J. Agardh, Theoria Syst. Pl.: 236. Apr-Sep 1858.
Typus: Misodendrum Banks ex DC.Mitrastemonaceae Makino in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 25: 252. Dec 1911.
Typus: Mitrastemon Makino (nom. cons. prop,).Molluginaceae Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 33. Nov-Dec 1837.
Typus: Mollugo L.Monimiaceae Juss. in Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 14: 133. 1809.
Typus: Monimia ThouarsMonotropaceae Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 272. 14 Jul 1818.
Typus: Monotropa L.
Note: If this family is united with Pyrolaceae, the name Monotropaceae is rejected in favour of Pyrolaceae.Montiniaceae Nakai, Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 243. 20 Jul 1943.
Typus: Montinia Thunb.Moraceae Link, Handbuch 2: 444. Jan-Aug 1831.
Typus: Morus L.Moringaceae Martynov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 404. 1820.
Typus: Moringa Adans.Musaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 257. 1782.
Typus: Musa L.Myoporaceae R. Br., Prodr.: 514. 27 Mar 1810.
Typus: Myoporum G. Forst.Myricaceae A. Rich. ex Kunth in Humboldt & al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2, ed. 4º: 16. 1817.
Typus: Myrica L.Myristicaceae R. Br., Prodr.: 399. 27 Mar 1810.
Typus: Myristica Gronov. (nom. cons.).Myrothamnaceae Nied. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(2a): 103. Mar 1891.
Typus: Myrothamnus Welw.Myrsinaceae R. Br., Prodr.: 532. 27 Mar 1810.
Typus: Myrsine L.Myrtaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 86. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Myrtus L.Najadaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 250. 1782.
Typus: Najas L.Nelumbonaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin 1(1): 1. 1823.
Typus: Nelumbo Adans.Nepenthaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin: 267. 1820.
Typus: Nepenthes L.Neuradaceae Link, Handbuch 2: 97. Jan-Aug 1831.
Typus: Neurada L.Nolanaceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 20, 24. 1829.
Typus: Nolana L. ex L. f.Nyctaginaceae Juss., Gen. Pl.: 90. 4 Aug 1789.
Typus: Nyctago Juss., nom. illeg. (Mirabilis L.).Nymphaeaceae Salisb. in Ann. Bot. (König & Sims) 2: 70. Jun 1805.
Typus: Nymphaea L. (nom. cons.).Nyssaceae Juss. ex Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 13. 1829.
Typus: Nyssa L.Ochnaceae DC. in Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 2: 209. Jan 1811.
Typus: Ochna L.Octoknemaceae Soler., Syst. Anat. Dicot.: 83, 84. 1908.
Typus: Octoknema PierreOlacaceae R. Br. in Tuckey, Narr. Exped. Zaire: 452. 5 Mar 1818.
Typus: Olax L.Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link, Fl. Portug. 1: 62. 1 Sep 1809.
Typus: Olea L.Oliniaceae Arn., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 3: 154. 1839
Typus: Olinia Thunb. (nom. cons.).Onagraceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 81. Jul-Aug 1763..
Typus: Onagra Mill. (Oenothera L.).Opiliaceae (Benth.) Valeton, Crit. Overz. Olacin.: 136. 7 Jul 1886 (trib. Opilieae Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 18: 679. 1841).
Typus: Opilia Roxb.Orchidaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 68. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Orchis L.Orobanchaceae Vent., Tabl. Règnè Vég. 2: 292. 5 Mai 1799.
Typus: Orobanche L.Oxalidaceae R. Br. in Tuckey, Narr. Exped. Zaire: 433. 5 Mar 1818.
Typus: Oxalis L.Paeoniaceae Raf., Anal. Nat.: 176. Apr-Jul 1815.
Typus: Paeonia L.Palmae Adans., Gen. Pl. 2: 22. Jul-Aug 1763; nom. alt.: Arecaceae.
Typus: Areca L.Pandaceae Engl. & Gilg in Engler, Syllabus, ed. 7: 223. Oct 1912 - Mar 1913.
Typus: Panda PierrePandanaceae R. Br., Prodr.: 340. 27 Mar 1810.
Typus: Pandanus ParkinsonPapaveraceae Adans., Gen. Pl. 2: 425. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Papaver L.Papilionaceae Giseke, Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl.: 415. Apr 1792; nom. alt.: Fabaceae.
Typus: Faba Mill. [ = Vicia L.].Parnassiaceae Martynov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 456. 1820.
Typus: Parnassia L.Passifloraceae Roussel, Fl. Calvados, ed. 2: 334. 1806.
Typus: Passiflora L.Pedaliaceae R. Br., Prodr.: 519. 27 Mar 1810.
Typus: Pedalium D. Royen ex L.Penaeaceae Sweet ex Guill. in Bory, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 13: 171. 1 Mar 1828.
Typus: Penaea L.Pentaphragmataceae J. Agardh, Theoria Syst. Pl.: 95. Apr-Sep 1858.
Typus: Pentaphragma Wall. ex G. DonPentaphylacaceae Engl. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtr. 1: 214. Oct 1897.
Typus: Pentaphylax Gardner & Champ.Penthoraceae Rydb. ex Britton, Man. Fl. N. States: 475. Oct 1901.
Typus: Penthorum L.Peridiscaceae Kuhlm. in Arq. Serv. Florest. 3: 4. 1950.
Typus: Peridiscus Benth.Periplocaceae Schltr. in Schumann & Lauterbach, Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee: 351. Nov 1905.
Typus: Periploca L.Petermanniaceae Hutch., Fam. Fl. Pl. 2: 113. 1934.
Typus: Petermannia F. Muell. (nom. cons.).Petrosaviaceae Hutch., Fam. Fl. Pl. 2: 36. 1934.
Typus: Petrosavia Becc.Philesiaceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 53, 54, 97. 1829.
Typus: Philesia Comm. ex Juss.Philydraceae Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 5. 16 Mar - 30 Jun 1821.
Typus: Philydrum Banks ex Gaertn.Phrymaceae Schauer in Candolle, Prodr. 11: 520. 25 Nov 1847.
Typus: Phryma L.Phytolaccaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 261. 1782.
Typus: Phytolacca L.Picrodendraceae Small in J. New York Bot. Gard. 18: 184. 1917.
Typus: Picrodendron Griseb. (nom. cons.).Pinaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 473. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Pinus L.Piperaceae Batsch, Dispos. Gen. Pl. Jenens.: 52. 1786.
Typus: Piper L.Pittosporaceae R. Br. in Flinders, Voy. Terra Austr. 2: 542. 19 Jul 1814.
Typus: Pittosporum Banks ex Sol. (nom. cons.).Plantaginaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 262. 1782.
Typus: Plantago L.Platanaceae T. Lestib., Botanogr. Elém.: 526. Jun 1826.
Typus: Platanus L.Plumbaginaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 263. 1782.
Typus: Plumbago L.Poaceae Caruel in Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., ser. 3, 10: 187, 191, 247. 5 Jun 1881; see also Gramineae.
Typus: Poa L.Podocarpaceae Endl., Syn. Conif.: 203. Mai-Jun 1847.
Typus: Podocarpus L'Hér. ex Pers. (nom. cons.).Podophyllaceae DC., Syst. Nat. 1: 126. 1-15 Nov 1817.
Typus: Podophyllum L.Podostemaceae Rich. ex Kunth in Humboldt & al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 1. ed. 4º: 246. 1816.
Typus: Podostemum Michx.Polemoniaceae Juss., Gen. Pl.: 136. 4 Aug 1789.
Typus: Polemonium L.Polygalaceae Hoffmanns. & Link, Fl. Portug. 1: 62. 1 Sep 1809.
Typus: Polygala L.Polygonaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 260. 1782.
Typus: Polygonum L.Pontederiaceae Kunth in Humboldt & al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 1, ed. 4º: 265. Mai 1816.
Typus: Pontederia L.Portulacaceae Adans., Gen. Pl. 2: 235. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Portulaca L.Posidoniaceae Hutch., Fam. Fl. Pl. 2: 41. 1934.
Typus: Posidonia K. D. Koenig (nom. cons.).Potamogetonaceae Rchb., Bot. Damen: 310. 1828.
Typus: Potamogeton L.
Note: If this family is united with Juncaginaceae, the name Potamogetonaceae must be used.Primulaceae Batsch, Dispos. Gen. Pl. Jenens.: 59. 1786.
Typus: Primula L.Proteaceae Juss., Gen. Pl.: 78. 4 Aug 1789.
Typus: Protea L. (nom. cons.).Pterostemonaceae Small in Britt., N. Amer. Fl. 22(1): 2. 2 Mai 1905.
Typus: Pterostemon SchauerPunicaceae Horan., Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat.: 81. Jul-Dec 1834.
Typus: Punica L.Pyrolaceae Lindl., Syn. Brit. Fl.: 175. Feb 1829.
Typus: Pyrola L.
Note: If this family is united with Monotropaceae, the name Pyrolaceae must be used.Quiinaceae Choisy ex Engl. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 12(1): 475-476. 1 Apr 1888.
Typus: Quiina Aubl.Rafflesiaceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 13, 14. 1829.
Typus: Rafflesia R. Br.Ranunculaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 451. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Ranunculus L.Rapateaceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 60, 62. 1829.
Typus: Rapatea Aubl.Resedaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin: 218. 1820.
Typus: Reseda L.Restionaceae R. Br., Prodr.: 243. 27 Mar 1810.
Typus: Restio Rottb. (nom. cons.).Rhamnaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 289. 1782.
Typus: Rhamnus L.Rhizophoraceae Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 3. 1807.
Typus: Rhizophora L.Rhoipteleaceae Hand.-Mazz. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 30: 75. 15 Feb 1932.
Typus: Rhoiptelea Diels & Hand.-Mazz.Roridulaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin: 217. 1820.
Typus: Roridula Burm. f. ex L.Rosaceae Adans., Gen. Pl. 2: 286. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Rosa L.Rubiaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 274. 1782.
Typus: Rubia L.Ruppiaceae Horan., Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat.: 46. Jul-Dec 1834.
Typus: Ruppia L.Ruscaceae Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 3. Jan-Mar 1826.
Typus: Ruscus L.Rutaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 284. 1782.
Typus: Ruta L.Sabiaceae Blume, Mus. Bot. 1: 368. 1851.
Typus: Sabia Colebr.Salicaceae Mirb., Elém. Physiol. Vég. Bot. 2: 905. 1815.
Typus: Salix L.Salvadoraceae Lindl., Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 269. Jul 1836.
Typus: Salvadora L.Samydaceae Vent. in Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 1807(2): 149. 1808.
Typus: Samyda Jacq. (nom. cons.).
Note: If this family is united with Flacourtiaceae, the name Samydaceae is rejected in favour of Flacourtiaceae.Santalaceae R. Br., Prodr.: 350. 27 Mar 1810.
Typus: Santalum L.Sapindaceae Juss., Gen. Pl.: 246. 4 Aug 1789.
Typus: Sapindus L.
Note: If this family is united with Aceraceae, the name Sapindaceae must be used.Sapotaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 269. 1782.
Typus: Sapota Mill. (Achras L., nom. rej.) [ = Manilkara Adans. (nom. cons.)].Sarcolaenaceae Caruel in Atti Reale Accad. Lincei Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., ser. 3, 10: 226, 248. 1881.
Typus: Sarcolaena ThouarsSarcospermataceae H. J. Lam in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, ser. 3, 7: 248. Feb 1925.
Typus: Sarcosperma Hook. f.Sargentodoxaceae Stapf ex Hutch., Fam. Fl. Pl. 1: 100. Feb-Mar 1926.
Typus: Sargentodoxa Rehder & E. H. WilsonSarraceniaceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 53. 1829.
Typus: Sarracenia L.Saurauiaceae Griseb., Grundr. Syst. Bot.: 98. 1854.
Typus: Saurauia Willd. (nom. cons.).
Note: If this family is united with Actinidiaceae, the name Saurauiaceae is rejected in favour of Actinidiaceae.Saururaceae Martynov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 564. 1820.
Typus: Saururus L.Saxifragaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 287. 1782.
Typus: Saxifraga L.Scheuchzeriaceae F. Rudolphi, Syst. Orb. Veg.: 28. 1830.
Typus: Scheuchzeria L.Schisandraceae Blume, Fl. Javae 32-33: 3. 25 Jun 1830.
Typus: Schisandra Michx. (nom. cons.).Scrophulariaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 265. 1782.
Typus: Scrophularia L.Scyphostegiaceae Hutch., Fam. Fl. Pl. 1: 229. Feb-Mar 1926.
Typus: Scyphostegia StapfScytopetalaceae Engl. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtr. 1: 242. Oct 1897.
Typus: Scytopetalum Pierre ex Engl.Selaginaceae Choisy [Mém. Sélag.: 19] in Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 2: 89. 1823.
Typus: Selago L.Simaroubaceae DC. in Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 2: 209. Jan 1811.
Typus: Simarouba Aubl. (nom. cons.).Siphonodontaceae (Croizat) Gagnep. & Tardieu in Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 102. Jul-Sep 1951 (subfam. Siphonodontoideae Croizat in Lilloa 13: 41. 29 Dec 1947).
Typus: Siphonodon Griff.Smilacaceae Vent., Tabl. Règnè Vég. 2: 146. 5 Mai 1799.
Typus: Smilax L.Solanaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 215. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Solanum L.Sonneratiaceae Engl. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachatr. 1: 261. Oct 1897.
Typus: Sonneratia L. f. (nom. cons.).Sparganiaceae Hanin, Cours Bot.: 400. 1811.
Typus: Sparganium L.Sphenocleaceae (Lindl.) Baskerville, Affin. Pl.: 110. 1839 (subfam. Sphenocleoideae Lindl., Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot.: 238. Jul 1836).
Typus: Sphenoclea Gaertn. (nom. cons.).Stachyuraceae J. Agardh, Theoria Syst. Pl.: 152. Apr-Sep 1858.
Typus: Stachyurus Siebold & Zucc.Stackhousiaceae R. Br. in Flinders, Voy. Terra Austr. 2: 555. 19 Jul 1814.
Typus: Stackhousia Sm.Staphyleaceae Martynov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 598. 1820.
Typus: Staphylea L.Stemonaceae Caruel in Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 10: 94. Apr 1878.
Typus: Stemona Lour.Stenomeridaceae J. Agardh, Theoria Syst. Pl.: 66. Apr-Sep 1858.
Typus: Stenomeris Planch.Sterculiaceae Vent. ex Salisb., Parad. Lond. 2: ad t. 69. Jun 1807.
Typus: Sterculia L.
Stilbaceae Kunth, Handb. Bot.: 393. 1831.
Typus: Stilbe P. J. BergiusStrasburgeriaceae Soler., Syst. Anat. Dicot. Erg„nz: 45. Mai 1908.
Typus: Strasburgeria Baill.Strelitziaceae (K. Schum.) Hutch., Fam. Fl. Pl. 2: 72. 1934 (subfam. Strelitzioideae K. Schum. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 1: 13. 4 Oct 1900).
Typus: Strelitzia AitonStylidiaceae R. Br., Prodr.: 565. 27 Mar 1810.
Typus: Stylidium Sw. ex Willd. (nom. cons.).Styracaceae DC. & Spreng. (trans. W. Jameson), Elem. Philos. Pl.: 140. 1821.
Typus: Styrax L.
Note: If this family is united with Symplocaceae, the name Styracaceae must be used.Surianaceae Arn. in Wight & Arnott, Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient.: 360. 10 Oct 1834.
Typus: Suriana L.Symplocaceae Desf. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 9. 1820.
Typus: Symplocos Jacq.
Note: If this family is united with Styracaceae, the name Symplocaceae is rejected in favour of Styracaceae.Taccaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin: 270. 1820..
Typus: Tacca J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. (nom. cons.).Tamaricaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin: 233. 1820.
Typus: Tamarix L.Taxaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin: 261. 1820.
Typus: Taxus L.Taxodiaceae Saporta in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot, ser. 5, 4: 44. 1865.
Typus: Taxodium Rich.Tecophilaeaceae Leyb. in Bonplandia 10: 370. 1862.
Typus: Tecophilaea Bertero ex CollaTetracentraceae A. C. Sm. in J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 135. 16 Apr 1945.
Typus: Tetracentron Oliv.Tetragoniaceae Link, Handbuch 2: 17. Jan-Aug 1831.
Typus: Tetragonia L.Theaceae Ker Gawl. in Edwards, Bot. Reg. 2: ad t. 112. 1 Mai 1816.
Typus: Thea L. [ = Camellia L.]Theligonaceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 15, 17. 1829.
Typus: Theligonum L.Theophrastaceae Link, Handbuch 1: 440. Jan-Aug 1829.
Typus: Theophrasta L.Thismiaceae J. Agardh, Theoria Syst. Pl.: 99. Apr-Sep 1858.
Typus: Thismia Griff.Thurniaceae Engl., Syllabus, ed. 5: 94. Jul 1907.
Typus: Thurnia Hook. f.Thymelaeaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 278. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Thymelaea Mill. (nom. cons.).Tiliaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 378. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Tilia L.Tovariaceae Pax in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(2): 207. Mar 1891.
Typus: Tovaria Ruiz & Pav. (nom. cons.).Trapaceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 36, 39. 1829.
Typus: Trapa L.Tremandraceae R. Br. ex DC., Prodr. 1: 343. Jan 1824.
Typus: Tremandra R. Br. ex DC.Trichopodaceae Hutch., Fam. Fl. Pl. 2: 143. 1934.
Typus: Trichopus Gaertn.Trigoniaceae Endl., Ench. Bot.: 570. 15-21 Aug 1841.
Typus: Trigonia Aubl.Trilliaceae Chevall., Fl. Gén. Env. Paris 2: 297. 1827.
Typus: Trillium L.Trimeniaceae (Janet R. Perkins & Gilg) Gibbs, Fl. Arfak Mts.: 135. Jul 1917 (trib. Trimenieae Janet R. Perkins & Gilg in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: 12, 21. 21 Jun 1901).
Typus: Trimenia Seem.Triuridaceae Gardner in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 19: 160. Jun-Dec 1843.
Typus: Triuris MiersTrochodendraceae Eicher in Flora 48: 14. 18 Jan 1865.
Typus: Trochodendron Siebold & Zucc.Tropaeolaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin: 220. 1820.
Typus: Tropaeolum L.Turneraceae Kunth ex DC., Prodr. 3: 345. Mar (med.) 1828.
Typus: Turnera L.Typhaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 254. 1782.
Typus: Typha L.Ulmaceae Mirb., Elém. Physiol. Vég. Bot. 2: 905. 1815.
Typus: Ulmus L.Umbelliferae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 276. 1782; nom. alt.: Apiaceae.
Typus: Apium L.Urticaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 293. 1782.
Typus: Urtica L.Uvulariaceae A. Gray ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 4: 199. 17-19 Jul 1843.
Typus: Uvularia L.Vacciniaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 160. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Vaccinium L.
Valerianaceae Batsch, Tab. Affin. Regni Veg.: 227. 2 Mai 1802.
Typus: Valeriana L.Velloziaceae Hook. in Bot. Mag. 54: ad t. 2777. 1 Nov 1827.
Typus: Vellozia Vand.Verbenaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 195. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Verbena L.Violaceae Batsch, Tab. Affin. Regni Veg.: 57. 2 Mai 1802.
Typus: Viola L.Vitaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 280. 1782.
Typus: Vitis L.Vochysiaceae A. St.-Hil. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 265. 1820.
Typus: Vochysia Aubl.Welwitschiaceae Caruel in Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 11: 16, 18. 2 Jan 1876.
Typus: Welwitschia Hook. f. (nom. cons.).Winteraceae R. Br. ex Lindl., Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot.: 256. Sep 1830.
Typus: Wintera Murray, nom. illeg. (Drimys J. R. Forst. & G. Forst., nom. cons.).Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 60, 62, 103. 1829.
Typus: Xanthorrhoea Sm.Xyridaceae C. Agardh, Aphor. Bot.: 158. 23 Mai 1823.
Typus: Xyris L.Zannichelliaceae Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 254. 1782.
Typus: Zannichellia L.Zingiberaceae Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 61. Jul-Aug 1763.
Typus: Zingiber Boehm. (nom. cons.).Zosteraceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 65, 66. 1829.
Typus: Zostera L.Zygophyllaceae R. Br. in Flinders, Voy. Terra Austr. 2: 545. 19 Jul 1814.
Typus: Zygophyllum L.
NOTE: In a mental lapses, I incorrectly suggested a superconservation note maintaining Adoxaceae over Vacciniaceae. The two families are unrelated; I confused Viburnaceae, a non-conserved name, with the conserved Vacciniaceae. I wish to thank Dr. Richard Brummitt for calling the error to my attention. - JLReveal; 10 Feb 2000.
Maintained by James L. Reveal
Norton-Brown Herbarium (MARY)
E-mail: jr19@umail.umd.edu