coursout

HUDSON VALLEY COMMUNITY COLLEGE

TROY, NEW YORK

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE NUMBER AND TITLE:	03048 - Anatomy
RESPONSIBLE DEPARTMENT:	Biology
CURRICULUM SERVED:	Physician Assistant
CREDIT HOURS:	Four (4)
CONTACT HOURS:	3 hours of lecture and 1 three hour lab per week
PRE-REQUISITES:	two semesters of college level General Chemistry, two semesters of college level Biological Science, or permission of the instructor
FINAL EXAMINATION:	Yes
TEXTS:	required: D.H. Cormack, Clinically Integrated Histology, Lippincott-Raven, 1998. K.L. Moore and A.F. Dalley, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 4^th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999. E.K. Saurland, Grant's Dissector, 12^th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999. D. van Wynsberghe and G.M. Cooley, Case Histories in Human Physiology, 3^rd ed. McGraw-Hill, 1999. PA Young and PH Young, Basic Clinical Neuroanatomy, Williams & Wilkins, 1997. optional: W. Kapit and L. M. Elson, Anatomy Coloring Book, 2nd ed. Harper Collins, 1993.
DATE PREPARED:	August 1999
PREPARED BY:	Wilson Crone
COURSE DESCRIPTION:	A comprehensive study of human anatomy. Gross anatomy, histology, and neuroanatomy will be covered using a regional approach, with the relationship of organs and aspects of clinical significance explored in lecture and lab dissection. Open only to matriculated Physician Assistant students.
COURSE GOALS:	To teach Physician Assistant students to identify organs, tissues, and body systems, and describe their functional and/or clinical significance. The study of human gross anatomy, histology, and neuroanatomy will aid Physician Assistants with patient examinations and help them to recognize normal and abnormal findings.
REFERENCE:	Color Atlas of Anatomy - Rohen/Yokochi

ANATOMY 03048 LECTURE OUTLINE FALL 1999

Week No.	Topics	Readings in Moore and Dalley (MA); Cormack (C); Young and Young (YY); and van Wynsburghe and Cooley (VC)
1	Introduction to body plan; back Tissues: epithelia and integument	MA: Introduction, Ch. 4; C: Chs. 1, 2
2	Head and neck I Tissues: connective, muscle, neural	MA: Chs. 7, 8; C: Chs. 4, 10; YY: Ch. 1 ; VC:: Case 5
3: Th. 9/16	Head and neck II TEST 1	MA: Chs. 7, 8
4	Thorax I Cardiovascular and pulmonary tissues	MA:: Ch. 1 C: Chs. 5; 6; VC: Cases:12, 18, 33
5	Thorax II Blood and lymphoid tissues I	MA: Ch. 1; C: Ch. 3; VC: :Cases 8, 9, 10
6: T. 10/5	TEST 2 Blood and lymphoid tissues II	C::Ch. 3
7	Abdominal wall Gastrointestinal tissues I	MA: Ch. 2; C: Ch. 8
8	Abdominal viscera I Gastrointestinal tissues II	MA: Ch. 2; C: Ch. 8; VC: Cases 19, 20, 21
9	Abdominal and pelvic viscera Endocrine tissues	MA: Ch. 2; C: Ch. 9
10	Pelvis and perineum Genitourinary tissues	MA: Ch. 3, C: Chs. 7, 9; VC: Case 23
11: T. 11/9	TEST 3 Cartilage and bone	C: Ch. 4
12	Neuroanatomy: cranial nerves and brain Neuroanatomy: ANS	MA: Chs. 7, 9; C: Ch. 4; YY: Chs. 3-4, 18-21; VC: Case 1
13 T. 11/23	Lower Extremities I Neuroanatomy: spinal tracts;"Evidence-Based Medicine" Anatomic Correlations due	MA: Ch. 5; YY: Chs. 2, 5, 6, 11; VC:: Case 3
14	Lower Extremities II Neuroanatomy: audiovisual pathways	MA: Ch. 5; YY: Chs. 10, 12, 13
15	Upper Extremities I Neuroanatomy: cerebellum; basal nuclei	MA: Ch. 6; YY: Chs. 8-9
16	Upper Extremities II Neuroanatomy: cortical issues	MA: Ch. 6; YY: 7, 15; VC: Case 2
Finals	TEST 4

ANATOMY 03048 COURSE POLICIES FALL 1999

Instructor:

Wilson Crone, Assistant Professor, HVCC Biology Department

303 Fitzgibbons, 629-7439, cronewil@hvcc.edu, http://www.hvcc.edu/academ/faculty/crone/index.html

Office Hours:

Tuesday: 12-1 in Biology Study Center (Amstuz 219) and 1-2

Thursday: 12-1

Friday: 11-12 in Biology Study Center and 12-1

or by appointment

Grading Policies:

LECTURE counts as two-thirds (67%) of the course grade, or 600 of the total 900 points.

One 75 point exam: Thursday, September 16
Three 150 point exams: Tuesday, October 5; Tuesday, November 9; Finals week. While I try to make the tests non-cumulative, the second lecture test may include material covered in the first (shorter) one.
One 75 point anatomical"evidence-based medicine" correlation due Tuesday, November 23

LABORATORY counts as one third (33%) of the course grade, or 300 of the total 900 points.

Three 100 point non-cumulative lab practicals based on dissection materials, during weeks 5, 10, and 16

Attendance:

Students are expected to attend each lecture and laboratory and to be on time. Absences and late arrivals will be reported to the PA program. Students will be responsible for covering material that is missed due to an absence. If an exam is missed, it is the student's responsibility to arrange a make-up exam. Make-up exams will only be given with a valid, documented excuse and at the instructor's discretion.

WRITING/LIBRARY ASSIGNMENT

You may be familiar with the weekly clinicopathologic correlation in the New England Journal of Medicine. You may also be familiar with the phrase,"evidence-based medicine."I would like you to write a"clinicoanatomic correlation," with the use of three or more appropriately cited journal articles, web sites, or other non-textbook sources, that is within the context of evidence-based medicine. For example, what is the anatomical basis for carpal tunnel syndrome? Is repetitive motion the main cause of this syndrome in the US? What is the evidence for this? My approach is that if you can't find at least three reviews or other sources on it, it mustn't be a major issue! This report should represent a new synthesis that comes from your personal reading and understanding. I will give considerable leeway to the choice of topics and articles, but be sure to cover some aspect of anatomy, whether clinical or basic. Please consult with me when you have decided on a topic. You may explore any subject of interest, but I reserve the right to limit the number of students on one topic, e.g., I don' want to read six very similar versions of carpal tunnel syndrome! Possible journals for examination include: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, Family Physician, Clinical Anatomy, etc.

If you made copies of the articles or web sites while working on your report, please attach them to your report--I will return them. This report is due during Week 13, by 11/23/99 (Tuesday lecture before the Thanksgiving break) at the latest. This will give me time over the break to read them in depth and get them back to you by the following week. I will be glad to go over rough drafts with you during office hours or appointments. Feel free to hand in reports early!

Point value: This report is worth 75 points. Reports will be graded on the basis of completeness, accuracy, grammar, writing style, and difficulty level of articles/topic.

ANATOMY 03048 LABORATORY SCHEDULE FALL 1999

Week No.	Topic	Assignments in Grant's Dissector 12^th Ed.
1	Introduction to Lab, Back	Introduction, Ch. 4
2-3	Head & Neck (except brain, brain cavity)	Ch. 7
4	Thoracic Wall and In Situ Inspection	Ch. 1
5	Review and LAB PRACTICAL, 9/29-10/1	n/a
6	Thoracic Viscera	Ch. 1
7	Abdominal Wall, In Situ Inspection of Viscera (Friday lab canceled 10/15; will need to go to other labs this week)	Ch. 2
8	Abdominal Viscera	Ch. 2
9	Pelvis and Perineum	Ch. 3
10	Review and LAB PRACTICAL, 11/3-11/5	n/a
11	Brain and Internal Braincase	Ch. 5
12, 14	Lower Limb	Ch. 7
14, 15	Upper Limb	Ch. 6
(no lab week 13: Thanksgiving vacation)
16	Review and LAB PRACTICAL, 12/15-12/17	n/a

A laboratory fee will be collected at registration.

Students are requested to bring the following dissection materials: two #22 scalpel blades, gloves, lab coat or apron, and appropriate eye protection. Probes, etc. will be available in the morgue.

The structures listed in the lab objective sheets should be located on all four cadavers using the directions in Grant's Dissector.

Laboratory Regulations:

Students are expected to show respect for human remains at all times. Unprofessional conduct may result in the individual being dismissed from the course.
No picture-taking, radios, or unauthorized visitors.
No smoking, eating, or drinking in morgue.
Atlases, bones, models, and anatomical materials remain in the lab.
The property of the Mortuary Science Department should be left undisturbed.
Students should become familiar with the use of the fire extinguisher, eye wash station, suction pumps, and the clean-up equipment.
While working with cadavers, students are advised to wear regular eye glasses instead of their contact lenses. Also, students should wear eye protection (goggles, safety glasses, or prescription glasses with side shields).
For dissection work, a lab coat (or appropriate gear) should be worn to protect clothing and gloves should be worn to protect hands.
All anatomical waste must be placed in a specially marked plastic container. Paper towels are to be placed in a separately marked container.
An identification tag should remain on each cadaver at all times.
Do not contaminate eyes, skin, or personal articles with the cadaver preservative. Report chemical burns or cuts to the instructor.
The lab rooms are to be left clean at the end of the day. The cadavers must be carefully rewrapped and stored as demonstrated. The models, charts, and books are to be returned to the storage shelves. The dissection tables, floor, sinks, and refrigerator door must be cleaned.
Hands should be thoroughly washed at the end of the lab.

03048 LECTURE OBJECTIVES

For each non-cumulative lecture exam, the student should be able to explain the functional and/or clinical significance of each of the structures listed in the corresponding laboratory objectives. We will not be covering histology and neuroanatomy (or at least, not a lot of neuroanatomy) in the lab, so objectives for them are listed below. More importantly than knowing anatomy factoids is the ability to use anatomy to explain clinical situations. As a result, I will expect you to be able to understand and explain the following clinical scenarios/anatomical descriptions at the level that they are presented in your texts. Please note that I have"lumped" some categories, e.g., cranial nerve lesions imply all of them, CN I--XII. I have tried to write them down in the approximate order that they appear in the texts. Even though I have tried to be comprehensive, I reserve the right to modify this list slightly with the lecture test preview sheets.

TEST 1: THURSDAY 9/16

MOORE AND DALLEY (Introduction, Chs. 4, 7, 8), VAN WYSBERGHE AND COOLEY

skin incisions, wounds, stretch marks	sternal puncture	newborn skull
myocardial infarction	atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease	rhizotomy
spinal cord trauma	herniated nucleus pulposus	peripheral nerve degeneration
shingles	back pain	spina bifida
vertebral curvatures, e.g., scoliosis	epidural anesthesia	lumbar puncture
vertebral fractures and dislocations	spinal cord injuries	hyperflexion/hyperextension neck injuries ("whiplash")
head injuries	facial and jaw fractures	trigeminal neuralgia
Bell's palsy	scalp injuries and infections	papilledema
corneal injuries and surgical manipulations	glaucoma	Horner syndrome
testing of extraocular muscles	TMJ problems	Embryology of neck structures, e.g., DiGeorge syndrome
sinus infections	otitis externa vs. otitis media	Meniere syndrome
Torticollis	phrenic nerve injury and loss of diaphragmatic function	thyroidectomy and risk of parathyroidectomy
laryngeal cancer and laryngoscopy	tracheostomy	penetrating neck trauma

CORMACK: (in addition to the above) (Chs. 1, 2, 4, 10)

major characteristics of normal tissues (epithelial, connective, muscle, neural)	major characteristics of normal vs. abnormal tissues	burns
skin layers

TEST 2: TUESDAY 10/5

MOORE AND DALLEY (Ch. 1), VAN WYSBERGHE AND COOLEY

chest pain: differential diagnosis (e.g., costochondritis)	rib fractures, dislocations, and separations	thoracotomy
sternotomy and sternal biopsy	breast cancer, including lymphatic drainage	thoracic outlet syndrome
thoracocentesis and intercostal nerve block	pneumothorax, including tension pneumothorax	bronchoscopy and foreign body aspiration
pulmonary thromboembolism	pleural adhesion and pleurisy	lung cancer
widening of the mediastinum	cardiac embryology as a means to explain congenital defects: ASD, VSD, Tetralogy of Fallot, stenosis, and regurgitation of different valves	coronary artery disease
injury to cardiac electrical pathway, e.g., AV node	angina and cardiac referred pain	coarctation of the aorta
recurrent laryngeal nerve injury

CORMACK (in addition to the above) (Chs. 3, 5, 7, 8, 9)

major histological features of cardiac vs. smooth muscle	structures of arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels	bronchial structure and support
alveoli and emphysema	normal red and white blood cells	leukemia

TEST 3: TUESDAY 11/9

MOORE AND DALLEY, VAN WYSBERGHE AND COOLEY (Ch. 2)

abdominal referred pain	abdominal quadrants	abdominal skin adhesions
incisional hernias	direct and indirect inguinal hernias	peritonitis
cryptorchidism	testicular cancer, including lymphatic drainage	vasectomy
urinary extravasation	hypospadias	circumcision, male vs. female
pelvic inflammatory disease	abdominal adhesions	omental origins and involvement in adhesions and/or material accumulation
esophageal varices	esophageal cancer	hiatal hernia and GERD
pyloric stenosis	peptic ulcer	ileal diverticulum
laparoscopy	splenectomy	pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer
liver abcesses	portal hypertension	cirrhosis
gallstones	renal calculi	pyelonephritis
abdominal aortic aneurysm	psoas abscess	male vs. female pelvis
cystocoele, rectocoele, and uterine prolapse	hysterectomy	greater vestibular (Bartholin's) glands infection
hemorrhoids	pudendal and ilioinguinal nerve blocks

CORMACK: (in addition to the above) (Chs. 8, 9)

major aspects of blood cell progenitors	histological distinctions among lymphoid organs	wall layers and differences among GI tract organs
histology of liver and pancreas	histological characteristics of major organs listed in Cormack chapters	ovarian follicles
breast histology	cervical histology and cancer	thyroid, goiter, and thyroiditis
prostate, BPH, and prostatic cancer

TEST 4: FINALS WEEK

MOORE AND DALLEY, VAN WYSBERGHE AND COOLEY (Chs. 5, 6, 7, 9)

cranial nerve lesions: be ready for each cranial nerve	headaches	intracranial hemorrhages: epidural, subdural, subarachnoid
hydocephalus	visual field defects	degenerative joint disease
varicose veins	hip injuries	femoral neck fractures and avascular necrosis
valgus and varum positions	femoral, tibial, and fibular fractures	knee injuries (ok, I know that's pretty broad!)
knee bursitis	saphenous vein grafts and cutdowns	abnormalities of sensory function, e.g., meralgia paresthetica
genu varum and genus valgum	chondromalacia patellae	patellar and ankle reflexes
femoral artery access	femoral hernia	trochanteric and ischial bursitis
sciatic nerve lesions	intragluteal injections	hamstring, adductor, and quadricep injuries
compartment syndromes, upper and lower extremities	injury of common fibular (peroneal) nerve	ruptured calcaneal and popliteal tendons
ankle injuries (another broad one!)	plantar fasciitis	pes planus
clavicle fracture	wrist fracture, particularly involving scaphoid bone	venipuncture
serratus anterior muscle winging	rotator cuff injuries	subacromial bursitis
axillary lymph nodes	brachial plexus injuries	injuries to nerves of brachial plexus, e.g., radial nerve
lateral epicondylitis	dislocations/subluxations near elbow joint	mallet finger
carpal tunnel syndrome	Dupytren's contracture	hand infections
subclavian line placement

CORMACK: (in addition to the above) (Ch. 4)

distinctions among bone and cartilage types

distinctions among bone and cartilage cancers

bone growth, fracture, and repair (include epiphyseal plates)

YOUNG AND YOUNG: (in addition to the above) (Chs. 5-13, 15, 18-21)

corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts and lesions	upper vs. lower motor neuron syndromes	decerebrate vs. decorticate posturing
basal nuclear (ganglia) lesions: Parkinsonism, Huntington's chorea, hemiballism, tardive dyskenesia, chorea vs. atheotosis	cerebellar lesions	nystagmus
lesions of the MLF (medial longitudinal fasciculus)	superior and inferior colliculi	dermatomes
pain, temperature, and proprioception pathways (include Brown-Sequard syndrome)	visual pathways and fields	pupillary testing
hearing and auditory reflex pathways	general histology of cerebral cortex	cortical fiber tracts
lobes of cerebral cortex and functional areas	speech centers	cerebral vasculature and strokes
CSF and hydrocephalus

03048 LABORATORY OBJECTIVES

For each non-cumulative laboratory exam, the student should be able to:

Name and locate on a cadaver, photographic slide, or (possibly) line drawing all of the anatomical structures listed in the laboratory objectives. In other words, laboratory tests will be strictly identification (and spelling!--see first laboratory exam preview sheet).

WEEK 1 (9/1 to 9/3): Introduction to Lab and Back (Introduction and Ch. 4)

Before each laboratory, students should read the descriptions of the assigned structures and the general approach to dissection in Grant's Dissector.

Abbreviations: a=artery, v=vein, b=bone, m=muscle, n=nerve, r=right, l=left

Structures marked with a * may be difficult to find.

I have tried to list the objectives in the approximate order that they appear in Sauerland 12^th ed.

vertebra: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx	pedicle	lamina
transverse process	articular process	spinous process
vertebral foramen	vertebral canal	intervertebral disc
anulus fibrosis	nucleus pulposus	intervertebral foramen
foramen transversarium	spinous process	atlas
posterior tubercle	occipital bone	inion (external occipital protuberance)
nuchal line	primary and secondary curvature of spinal column	skin (p. 3, Ch. 1)
epidermis	dermis	superficial fascia
deep fascia	retinacula cutis	trapezius m. (p. 132)
latissimus dorsi m.	thoracolumbar fascia	semispinalis capitis m.
erector spinae mm. (sacrospinalis mm.)	iliocostalis m.	longissimus m.
spinalis m.	transversospinalis mm.	Semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores mm.
spinal cord	cervical enlargement	lumbrosacral enlargement
supraspinous ligament	interspinous ligament	ligamenta flava and nuchal ligament
anterior longitudinal ligament	posterior longitudinal ligament	epidural (extradural space)
dural sac	dura mater	arachnoid mater
subarachnoid space	denticulate ligaments	ventral and dorsal roots of spinal nerves
dorsal root (spinal) ganglion	conus medullaris	cauda equina
filum terminale	dermatome	myotome

WEEKS 2 AND 3 (9/8 to 9/17): Head and Neck (Introduction to Lab and Back (Introduction and Ch. 7)

Before each laboratory, students should read the descriptions of the assigned structures and the general approach to dissection in Grant's Dissector.

Abbreviations: a=artery, v=vein, b=bone, m=muscle, n=nerve, r=right, l=left

Structures marked with a * may be difficult to find.

I have tried to list the objectives in the approximate order that they appear in Sauerland 12^th ed.

frontal b. (p. 185)	maxilla b.	zygomatic b.
mandible b.	anterior nasal aperture	nasion
lacrimal b.	teeth, alveolar processes	parietal b.
coronal suture	sagittal suture	bregma
occipital b.	external occipital protuberance	lambdoid suture
lambda	vertex	calvaria
mandible (body, ramus, angle, posterior border, articular condyle)	mental foramen	temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
temporal b. (mastoid and styloid process)	external auditory meatus and stylomastoid foramen	zygomatic arch
palpebral commissures (canthi) (p. 226)	cornea	sclera
iris	pupil	conjunctival sac
conjunctiva	(conjunctival) fornix	lacrimal papilla
lacrimal punctum	platysma m.	masseter m
parotid duct	facial n. (VII)	parotid gland
buccinator m.	facial a., v.	zygomaticus major m.
levator labii superioris m.	orbicularis oris m.	auricle
external acoustic meatus	orbicularis oculi m.	skin of scalp:"S"
superficial fascia:"C"	frontalis m.	occipitalis m., temporalis m.
galea aponeurotica:"A"	loose areolar tissue:"L"	pericranium (periosteum):"P"
three divisions of trigeminal n: ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular divisions	six extrinsic m of eye: inferior and superior obliques, inferior, superior, lateral, and medial recti (p. 249)	sclera
cornea	choroid	ciliary body
iris	pupil	retina
macula	optic n. (CN II)	optic disc
aqueous humor	vitreous humor	lens
posterior triangle (of neck)	sternocleidomastoid m.	trapezius m.
accessory n. (CN XI)	clavicle.	platysma m.
external jugular v.	subclavius m.	omohyoid m.*
splenius capitis m.*	levator scapulae m.*	scalenus posterior m.*
scalenus medius m.	scalenus anterior m.	interscalene triangle
subclavian a., v.	brachial plexus	phrenic n.
axillary a.	anterior triangle (neck)	pharynx
esophagus	larynx	trachea
thyroid gland	hyoid b.	thyroid cartilage
laryngeal prominence	cricoid cartilage	arytenoid cartilage
cricothyroid membrane	common carotid a.	external carotid a.
internal carotid a.	internal jugular v.	carotid sheath
vagus n. (CN X)	external jugular v.	infrahyoid mm.
sternohyoid m.	sternothyroid m.	thyrohyoid m.
first tracheal ring	isthmus of thyroid	greater horn of hyoid
superior thyroid a.	carotid sinus and carotid body*	submandibular triangle
submandibular gland	digastric m.	stylohyoid m.
mylohyoid m.	l, r recurrent laryngeal n.*	parathyroid glands*
middle pharyngeal constrictor m.	inferior pharyngeal constrictor m.	interior pharynx
nasopharynx	orifice of auditory tube	pharyngeal tonsil
oropharynx	palatine tonsil	laryngopharynx
piriform recess	rima glottidis	vestibular folds
vocal folds	epiglottis	vallecula

WEEK 4 (9/22 to 9/24): Thoracic wall and In situ inspection of thoracic organs (Ch. 1)

Before each laboratory, students should read the descriptions of the assigned structures and the general approach to dissection in Grant's Dissector.

Abbreviations: a=artery, v=vein, b=bone, m=muscle, n=nerve, r=right, l=left

Structures marked with a * may be difficult to find.

I have tried to list the objectives in the approximate order that they appear in Sauerland 12^th ed.

rib, head, neck	tubercle, body, angle	costal groove
costal cartilage	sternum, manubrium	body, xiphoid process
jugular notch	sternal angle	clavicle
acromion	coracoid process (scapula)	auscultation points of heart
breast, nipple, areola	suspensory (Cooper's) ligaments of breast	lactiferous duct
retromammary space	lateral cutaneous branch of T2, intercostobrachial n.*	serratus anterior m.
pectoralis major m.	deltopectoral triangle	cephalic v.
pectoralis minor m.	external intercostal m.	internal intercostal m. (remove chest plate following instructor's cutting diagram)
internal thoracic a.	intercostal space contents*	superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet)
inferior thoracic aperture (thoracic outlet)	pleural sacs (cavities)	mediastinum
lung	visceral pleura	root (of lung)
parietal pleura	costodiaphragmatic recess	oblique fissures
horizontal fissure	lobes of lung

WEEK 5 (9/29 to 10/1): LAB PRACTICAL ON WEEKS 1-4

WEEK 6 (10/6 to 10/8): Thoracic contents (Ch. 1)

Before each laboratory, students should read the descriptions of the assigned structures and the general approach to dissection in Grant's Dissector.

Abbreviations: a=artery, v=vein, b=bone, m=muscle, n=nerve, r=right, l=left

Structures marked with a * may be difficult to find.

I have tried to list the objectives in the approximate order that they appear in Sauerland 12^th ed.

r.,l. phrenic n.	esophagus	descending aorta
intercostal v., a., n.	sympathetic trunk (ganglia)	rami communicantes*
greater splanchnic n.	apex of lung	costal surface of lung
medial surface of lung	basal (diaphragmatic) surface of lung	cardiac impression (l. lung)
groove for arch and descending aorta (l. lung)	hilus of lung	primary (main) bronchus
pulmonary a., v.	lobar bronchi	segmental bronchi
bronchopulmonary segments: depends on our progress	superior, anterior mediastinum	middle, posterior mediastinum
parietal pericardium	visceral pericardium (epicardium)	pericardial cavity
superior vena cava	ascending aorta, arch	pulmonary trunk and artery
ligamentum arteriosum	1. vagal n.	1. recurrent laryngeal n.*
transverse pericardial sinus	oblique pericardial sinus	r. coronary a.
anterior interventricular branch (LAD)	inferior vena cava	pulmonary vv.
atrioventricular (coronary) groove (sulcus)	interventricular grooves, anterior and posterior	1. coronary a
aortic semilunar valve	circumflex branch of l. coronary a.	marginal branch* of r. coronary a.
anterior r. atrial branch of r. coronary a.	nodal a. (sinus node a.)	posterior interventricular branch
coronary sinus	great cardiac v.	middle cardiac v.
r. atrium	pectinate m.	crista terminalis
valve of coronary sinus	tricuspid valve	fossa ovalis
sinuatrial node position	atrioventricular node position	r. ventricle
tricuspid valve	chordae tendineae	papillary m.
trabeculae carnae	septomarginal trabecula (moderator band)*	pulmonary semilunar valve
infundibulum (conus arteriosus)	1. atrium	mitral (bicuspid) valve
1. ventricle	interventricular septum, muscular and membranous parts	r. border of heart - RA
1. border of heart - LV	apex, base of heart	inferior border - RV
r. vagal n	thoracic duct	azygos v.
descending aorta	anterior, posterior intercostal aa.	lesser splanchnic n.* (thoracic)
diaphragm	thymus*	r., l. brachiocephalic vv.
brachiocephalic a.	1. common carotid a.	1. subclavian a.
vagus n. (CN X)	tracheobronchial lymph nodes	bifurcation of the trachea
carina

WEEK 7 (10/13 to 10/14): Abdominal wall and inspection of abdominal viscera (Ch. 2). Remember, due to President Buono's inauguration, Friday HVCC classes cancelled. Friday lab students will need to shift to Weds. or Th. labs this week as a result.

Before each laboratory, students should read the descriptions of the assigned structures and the general approach to dissection in Grant's Dissector.

Abbreviations: a=artery, v=vein, b=bone, m=muscle, n=nerve, r=right, l=left

Structures marked with a * may be difficult to find.

I have tried to list the objectives in the approximate order that they appear in Sauerland 12^th ed.

Abdomen (Chap. 2)

skin (epidermis and dermis)	superficial fascia	fatty layer (of Camper)
membranous layer (of Scarpa)	external oblique m.	internal oblique m.
transversus abdominis m.	fascia transversalis	extraperitoneal fatty areolar tissue
parietal peritoneum	xiphisternal junction	costal margin
pubic symphysis	pubic crest	pubic tubercle
inguinal ligament	anterior superior iliac spine	tubercle of iliac crest
four quadrants of abdomen	nine regions of abdomen (know names)	external oblique m.
linea alba	inguinal canal	superficial inguinal ring
deep inguinal ring	spermatic cord	round ligament
ilioinguinal n.*	internal oblique m.	transversus abdominis m
conjoint tendon	fascia transversalis	inferior epigastric a.
rectus abdominis m., with rectus sheath	superior epigastric a.*	falciform ligament
ligamentum teres	median umbilical ligament (1)*	medial umbilical ligaments (2)*
scrotum	dartos m.	scrotal ligament (the gubernaculum is the embryonic structure)*
spermatic cord and the three fascial layers (name them)	cremaster m.	ductus (vas) deferens
testicular a.	testis	seminiferous tubule
tunica vaginalis testis	epididymis	tunica albuginea
seminiferous tubules	peritoneum, visceral vs. parietal	liver, r., l. lobes
falciform ligament	gallbladder	stomach (gaster)
greater omentum	spleen	small intestine
large intestine	cecum, ascending colon	transverse, descending colon
sigmoid colon	alimentary canal (GI tract)	pylorus
lesser curvature	lesser omentum	hepatogastric ligament
hepatoduodenal ligament	greater curvature	gastrocolic portion
duodenum	duodenojejunal junction	jejunum
ileum	ileocecal junction	root of mesentery
cecum	vermiform appendix	r. colic flexure
l. colic flexure	phrenicocolic ligament*	transverse mesocolon
rectum	teniae coli	haustra
appendices epiploicae	liver, diaphragmatic and visceral surfaces	porta hepatis
hepatic a.	portal v.	bile passages
omental foramen	omental bursa	splenorenal ligament
gastrosplenic ligament	peritoneal gutters (name the paracolic ones)

WEEK 8 (10/20 to 10/22: Abdominal viscera (Ch. 2).

Before each laboratory, students should read the descriptions of the assigned structures and the general approach to dissection in Grant's Dissector.

Abbreviations: a=artery, v=vein, b=bone, m=muscle, n=nerve, r=right, l=left

Structures marked with a * may be difficult to find.

I have tried to list the objectives in the approximate order that they appear in Sauerland 12^th ed.

bare area of liver	coronary ligament	hepatorenal pouch
four peritoneal gutters	common bile duct	cystic duct
cystic artery*	common hepatic duct	common hepatic a.
l., r. hepatic aa.	gastroduodenal a.	r. gastric a.
celiac trunk a.	splenic a	l. gastric a.
l., r. gastroepiploic aa.	splenic v.	portal v.
superior mesenteric v.	inferior mesenteric v.	superior mesenteric a.
intestinal aa.	inferior mesenteric a.	l. colic a.
sigmoid aa.	suspensory ligament of duodenum (ligament of Treitz)*	pancreas
inferior vena cava	major duodenal papilla	main pancreatic duct
sphincter of Oddi	quadrate lobe (of liver)	caudate lobe
ligamentum venosum*	hepatic vv.	plicae circulares
ileocecal valve	retroperitoneal space	r., l. kidneys
r., l. testicular vv.*	r., l. renal aa.	ovarian a., v.*
perirenal fat (adipose capsule)	renal pelvis	ureter
fibrous capsule	renal cortex	renal medulla (pyramids)
renal papillae	calyces	suprarenal (adrenal) glands
common iliac a.	psoas major m.	iliacus m., iliopsoas m.
quadratus lumborum m.	genitofemoral n.	lateral femoral cutaneous n.
femoral n.	obturator n.	r., l. crus of diaphragm
medial arcuate ligament*	lateral arcuate ligament*	central tendon
vena caval foramen	esophageal hiatus	aortic hiatus

WEEK 9 (10/27 to 10/29): Pelvis and perineum (Ch. 3).

Before each laboratory, students should read the descriptions of the assigned structures and the general approach to dissection in Grant's Dissector.

Abbreviations: a=artery, v=vein, b=bone, m=muscle, n=nerve, r=right, l=left

Structures marked with a * may be difficult to find.

I have tried to list the objectives in the approximate order that they appear in Sauerland 12^th ed.

Pelvis and Perineum: Both Male and Female Cadavers

pelvic brim	greater pelvis (false)	lesser pelvis (true)
pelvic diaphragm	anal region (triangle)	urogenital region (triangle)
perineum	r., l. os coxae (hip bones)	sacrum
coccyx	pelvic inlet (superior aperture)	sacral promontory
symphysis pubis	obturator foramen	ischial tuberosity
ischial spine	sacrospinous ligament	sacrotuberous ligament
lesser sciatic foramen	greater sciatic foramen	pubic arch
anterior sacral foramina	sacral canal	sacroiliac articulation
transverse diameter	pelvic outlet (inferior aperture)	anteroposterior (conjugate) diameter
gluteus maximus m.	ischioanal (ischiorectal) fossa	sphincter ani externus m.
obturator internus m.	pudendal canal and n.*

Pelvis and Perineum: Male Cadaver

superficial fascia with fatty and membranous layers	superficial perineal space	perineal body*
urogenital diaphragm	bulbourethral (Cowper's) gland in deep perineal space*	external urethral sphincter m.*
ischiocavernosus m.*	bulbospongiosus m.*	glans penis
spongy urethra	external urethral orifice	corpus cavernosum
corpus spongiosum	rectovesical pouch (fossa)	retropubic space (prevesical)
retrorectal space (presacral)	internal iliac a	obturator canal
obturator a.	internal iliac v.	external iliac v.
common iliac v.	ureter	ductus deferens
levator ani m. (puborectal sling)	coccygeus m. (Remove bladder, prostate gland, and seminal vesicles in one piece)	membranous urethra
prostatic urethra	prostate gland, utricle	ampulla
seminal vesicles	ejaculatory duct	urinary bladder
trigone	anal canal	anal columns
piriformis m.	sacral plexus*

Pelvis and Perineum: Female Cadaver

urethra	vagina	uterus
fornix	mons pubis	labia majora
labia minora	vestibule of vagina	clitoris
vaginal orifice	urethral orifice	perineal body
urogenital diaphragm	round ligament (uterus)	superficial, deep perineal spaces
ischiocavernosus m.*	bulbospongiosus m.*	bulbs of vestibule*
greater vestibular gland (Bartholin's)*	vesicouterine pouch	rectouterine pouch
broad ligament (uterus)	uterine tube	mesosalpinx
ovary	mesovarium	ovarian ligament
suspensory ligament	sacrouterine ligaments*	transverse cervical ligaments*
retropubic space	retrorectal space	internal iliac a
obturator canal	obturator a	internal iliac v.
external iliac v.	common iliac v.	levator ani m.
coccygeus m. (after pelvic organ removal)	ureter	uterine a.*
urinary bladder	trigone	cervix
cervical canal	body (uterus)	uterine cavity
endometrium	myometrium	fundus
infundibulum (fimbriae)	isthmus	anal canal
anal columns	piriformis m.	sacral plexus*

WEEK 10 (11/3 to 11/5): LAB PRACTICAL ON WEEKS 6-9

WEEK 11 (11/10 to 11/12): Brain and Braincase (Ch. 7).

Before each laboratory, students should read the descriptions of the assigned structures and the general approach to dissection in Grant's Dissector.

Abbreviations: a=artery, v=vein, b=bone, m=muscle, n=nerve, r=right, l=left

Structures marked with a * may be difficult to find.

I have tried to list the objectives in the approximate order that they appear in Sauerland 12^th ed.

foramen magnum	vertebral aa.	meninges
dura mater	arachnoid mater	pia mater
middle meningeal a.	pterion	superior sagittal sinus
transverse sinus	sigmoid sinus	superior, inferior petrosal sinuses
cavernous sinus	arachnoid granulations	subarachnoid space
trochlear n. (CN IV)	trigeminal n (CN V)	facial n. (CN VII)
vestibulocochlear n. (CN VIII)	glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)	vagus n. (CN X)
accessory n. (CN XI)	hypoglossal n. (CN XII)	olfactory bulb and n. (CN I)
optic n. (CN II)	oculomotor n. (CN III)	levator palpebrae superioris m.
abducent n. (CN VI)	tentorium cerebelli	falx cerebri
inferior sagittal sinus	straight sinus	spinal cord
crista galli	cribriform plate	optic foramen (canal)
petrous portion (temporal b.)	optic chiasma	hypophyseal fossa
superior orbital fissure	infundibulum	foramen rotundum, ovale, spinosum
internal auditory meatus	jugular foramen	hypoglossal canal
internal carotid aa.	frontal lobe	temporal lobe
occipital lobe	parietal lobe	lateral sulcus
central sulcus	three cranial fossae	precentral gyrus
postcentral gyrus	longitudinal fissure	transverse fissure
cerebral circle (of Willis)	basilar a.	posterior cerebral a.
middle cerebral a.	anterior cerebral a.	anterior communicating a.
posterior communicating a.	ophthalmic a.	superior cerebellar a.
anterior inferior cerebellar a.	posterior inferior cerebellar a.	insula
medulla oblongata (from a midsagittal section of the brain for the rest)	pons	midbrain
cerebellum, anterior, posterior lobes, vermis	thalamus	hypothalamus
cerebrum	corpus callosum	choroid plexus
lateral ventricle	third ventricle	cerebral aqueduct
fourth ventricle

WEEKS 12 to 14 (11/17to 12/3): Lower Limb (Ch. 5).

Before each laboratory, students should read the descriptions of the assigned structures and the general approach to dissection in Grant's Dissector.

Abbreviations: a=artery, v=vein, b=bone, m=muscle, n=nerve, r=right, l=left

Structures marked with a * may be difficult to find.

I have tried to list the objectives in the approximate order that they appear in Sauerland 12^th ed.

small saphenous v.	great saphenous v.	superficial lymph nodes
fascia lata	iliotibial tract	femoral sheath and compartments
femoral canal and ring	anterior superior iliac spine	anterior inferior iliac spine
pubic tubercle, acetabulum	greater, lesser trochanter	head, neck of femur
lateral condyle of femur	medial condyle of femur	adductor tubercle
linea aspera	patella	tuberosity of tibia
femoral triangle	inguinal ligament	sartorius m.
adductor longus m.	femoral a., v.	profunda femoris a., v.
medial femoral circumflex a.*	pectineus m.	femoral n.
adductor canal (Hunter's) & hiatus	adductor magnus m.	vastus medialis m.
popliteal a.	gracilis m.	tensor fasciae latae m.
quadriceps femoris m.	vastus lateralis m.	vastus intermedius m.
rectus femoris m.	patellar ligament	adductor brevis m.
obturator n.*	gluteus medius m.	trochanteric bursa, sciatic n.
superior gemellus m.	inferior gemellus m.	quadratus femoris m.
semitendinosus m.	semimembranosus m.	biceps femoris m., long, short heads
popliteal fossa	gastrocnemius m.	soleus m.
popliteus m.	plantaris m.	flexor hallucis longus m.
flexor digitorum longus m.	tibialis posterior m.	common peroneal n. (fibular)
tibial n.	popliteal a., v.	superior, lateral genicular a.*
superior, medial genicular a.*	tibia b.	fibula b.
medial, lateral condyles of tibia	anterior border (crest) of tibia	head of fibula
medial malleolus	lateral malleolus	talus b.
sustentaculum tali	calcaneus b.	navicular b.
cuboid b.	three cuneiform b.	calcaneal tuberosity
five metatarsal b.	phalanges	medial, lateral longitudinal arches of foot
anterior crural compartment	deep fibular (peroneal) n.	anterior tibial a.
tibialis anterior m.	superior extensor retinaculum	inferior extensor retinaculum
extensor hallucis longus m.	extensor digitorum longus m.	dorsalis pedis a.*
lateral crural compartment	superficial fibular (peroneal) n.	fibularis (peroneus) longus m.
fibularis (peroneus) brevis m.	posterior crural compartment	posterior tibial a.
tendo calcaneus (Achilles tendon)	knee joint	tibial collateral ligament
medial meniscus	fibular collateral ligament	suprapatellar (quadriceps) bursa
posterior cruciate ligament	anterior cruciate ligament	infrapatellar synovial fold
lateral meniscus	ankle joint	medial or deltoid ligament*
calcaneofibular ligament*	anterior talofibular ligament*	posterior talofibular ligament*
plantar aponeurosis (fascia)	plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament*

WEEKS 14 to 15 (12/1to 12/10): Upper Limb (Ch. 6).

Before each laboratory, students should read the descriptions of the assigned structures and the general approach to dissection in Grant's Dissector.

Abbreviations: a=artery, v=vein, b=bone, m=muscle, n=nerve, r=right, l=left

Structures marked with a * may be difficult to find.

I have tried to list the objectives in the approximate order that they appear in Sauerland 12^th ed.

dorsal venous arch	basilic v.	cephalic v.
median cubital v.	extensor retinaculum	flexor retinaculum
trapezius m.	latissimus dorsi m.	triangle of auscultation
rhomboid major m. (leave attached)	rhomboid minor m. (leave attached)	levator scapulae m.
scapula	acromion	spine
supraspinous fossa	infraspinous fossa	glenoid cavity
coracoid process	acromioclavicular joint	coracoclavicular ligament
humerus, head	greater tubercle	lesser tubercle
bicipital (intertubercular) groove	deltoid tuberosity	spiral groove
deltoid m.	axillary n.	posterior circumflex humeral a.
quadrangular space	triceps brachii m., long, lateral heads	radial n.
profunda brachii a.	supraspinatus m.	infraspinatus m.
teres minor m.	subacromial bursa*	pectoralis major, minor m.
subclavius m.	serratus anterior m.	teres major m.
subscapularis m.	biceps brachii m., long, short heads	coracobrachialis m.
brachialis m.	axillary a., v.	subclavian a.
brachial a.	brachial plexus	lateral cord
musculocutaneous n.	median n.	medial cord
ulnar n.	posterior cord	long thoracic n. (n. to serratus anterior m.)*
cubital fossa	bicipital aponeurosis	brachioradialis m.
triceps brachii m., medial head	humerus	medial epicondyle
lateral epicondyle	capitulum	trochlea
olecranon fossa	radius b., head, neck	radial tuberosity
styloid processes (radius, ulna)	interosseous border	ulna b.
olecranon	interosseous border	radial a.
flexor carpi radialis m.	palmaris longus m.	flexor digitorum superficialis m.
ulnar a.	flexor carpi ulnaris m.	pronator teres m.
supinator m.	flexor digitorum profundus m.	flexor pollicis longus m.
thenar group of muscles	hypothenar group of muscles	carpal bones
scaphoid b.	lunate b.	triquetrum b.
pisiform b.	trapezium b.	trapezoid b.
capitate b.	hamate b.	metacarpal b.
phalanges	palmar aponeurosis	superficial palmar arch
carpal tunnel	abductor pollicis brevis m.	opponens pollicis m.
flexor pollicis brevis m.	four lumbrical m.	extensor expansion
pronator quadratus m.	adductor pollicis m.	three palmar interossei mm. (PAD)
anatomical"snuff box"	abductor pollicis longus m.	extensor pollicis brevis m.
extensor pollicis longus m.	extensor carpi radialis brevis m.	extensor digitorum m.
extensor carpi radialis longus m.	extensor digiti minimi m.	extensor carpi ulnaris m.
dorsal interossei mm. (DAB)

WEEK 16 (12/15 to 12/17): LAB PRACTICAL ON WEEKS 11-15

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This page updated on September 15, 1999