XVI International Botanical Congess

There are two methods of learning about the environmental and botanical phenomena: analyzing the literature and experiential learning. Both methods are important in their own way. However, most Japanese teachers and students have concentrated on literature-based classroom studies, especially at the high school level. They have regarded this as more efficient method of teaching and learning in order to succeed o the entrance examination to the upper grade of schools and universities. This approach caused the students to lose their interest in botanical materials, because it did not give them intellectual satisfaction. Recently, with increased awareness of environmental issues, many teachers and students have a new interest in integrated studies of the whole of nature, forest, trees, and other plants. They are returning experiential learning in outdoor classrooms.