Trees silhouetted above Teletskoe Lake, Altai, Siberia [Vladimir Dinets].
European portion of the range of Abies sibirica (6).
Common Names
Siberian fir (4).Taxonomic notes
Two subspecies, the type (syn: Pinus sibirica (Ledeb.) Turcz. non Du Tour; Pinus picea Pall. non L.; Abies pichta J. Forbes; Picea pichta (J. Forbes) Loudon; Pinus pichta Fisch. ex Endl.) and semenovii (B. Fedtsch.) Farjon 1990 (syn: A. semenovii B. Fedtsch.; A. sibirica var. semenovii (B. Fedtsch.) Liu) (7). There is also a widespread natural hybrid found in China: Heilongjiang, Abies × sibirico-nephrolepis Taken. & Chien 1957 (7).Description
"A tree attaining a height of 30 m and a diameter of 50 cm. Crown conical. Bark gray-green, smooth, with numerous resin blisters. Shoots gray, slightly tomentose, with resin blisters. Buds greenish, small, globose and resinous. Needles grass green, directed upwards, slender, soft, those on the lower side of the shoot horizontal, 30-40 mm long, those on the upper side 10-15 mm long, all strongly aromatic, 1 mm wide, apex rounded or notched, with occasional stomata, and on lower surface 2 gray stomala bands. Cones cylindrical, 5-9 cm long, 2-3 cm thick, bluish before maturation; seed scales with dentate margin; bract scales concealed. Cotyledons 3-4" (4).Range
Russia E. from Volga River and S of 67°40' latitude; Turkestan; Mongolia; China: Heilongjiang; at 1900 to 2400 m. Var. semenovii locally in Kyrgyzstan (4, 5).Big Tree
Teletskoye Lake, Altai Mts, Russia (39 m tall) (5).Oldest
"This fir never exceeds an age of 150 to 200 years due to rot that sets in the wood" (4).Dendrochronology
Ethnobotany
Essential oils from its foliage are steam distilled for aromatherapy, perfumery, and related uses (8).Observations
Remarks
"It prefers cool and and moist climate. Although extremely resistant to frost, in Yugoslavia it is subject to late frost injury. Gases will also inflict serious damage. Propagation is by seeds and rooting of lower branches" (4).Citations
(1) Silba 1986.(2) Cheng & Fu 1987.
(3) Liu 1971 (8p).
(4) Vidakovic 1991.
(5) Vladimir Dinets, e-mail communication, 2-Jan-1998.
(6) Atlas Florae Europaeae 1998.
(7) Farjon 1998.
(8) Anonymous. 2000. Pine needle oil (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) Siberia. http://www.execpc.com/~goodscnt/data/es1005151.html, accessed 16-Mar-2000.
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This page is from the Gymnosperm Database
URL: http://www.geocities.com/~earlecj/pi/ab/sibirica.htm
Edited by Christopher J. Earle
E-mail:earlecj@earthlink.com
Last modified on 16-Mar-2000