Sources for African region

ALGERIA:
European Space Agency (1992) Remote Sensing Forest map of Europe, scale 1: 6,000,000, 1989-1992 NOAA-AVHRR data and 1987-1990 Landsat-MSS imagery.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

ANGOLA:
World Forestry Institute (1960) World Foresty Atlas. Scale 1: 10,000,000.

NASA/GSFC/University of Maryland/TREES (1990), derived from 1km resolution AVHRR data 1988-1990.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

BENIN:
UNEP/GRID/Olesen/TREES (1994) West African Forest Data, derived from 1km resolution NOAA/AVHRR data.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

BOTSWANA:
Soil Mapping and Advisory Services Project/Government of Botsawana (1991) Vegetation Map of the Republic of Botswana. Scale 1: 2,000,000.

BURKINA FASO:
Ministere de L'Environment et du Tourisme Service de L'Amanegement Forestier (nd) Burkina Faso Formations Vegetales. Scale 1:1,000,000.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

BURUNDI:
Ministere de la Cooperation Francaise (1979) Plate 8: Atlas du Burundi, Le Tapis Vegetal. Scale unknown.

IGN-France and Institute Geographique du Burundi (1984). Burundi. Scale 1:250,000.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

CAMEROON:
Letouzey, R. (1985) Carte Phytogéographique du Cameroun. Scale 1:500,000. Institut de la Carte Internationale de la Végétation.

NASA/GSFC/University of Maryland/TREES (1990), derived from 1km resolution AVHRR data 1988-1990.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC:
Boulvert, B. (1985) Carte Phytogéographique de la République Centrafricaine. Scale 1:1,000,000. ORSTOM (Institut Française de Recherché Scientifique pour le Développement en Coopération).

NASA/GSFC/University of Maryland/TREES (1990), derived from 1km resolution AVHRR data 1988-1990.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

CHAD:
EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

CONGO:
Hecketsweiler, P. (unpub;ished) fieldwork during 1989 and 1990 and from numerous reports (Bégué, 1967; Descoings, 1969, 1975; Koechlin, 1961 and Cusset, 1989).

Hughes, R.H. nad Hughes, J.S. (1992). A Directory of African Wetlands. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK/UNEP, Nairobi, Kenya/WCMC, Cambridge, UK. 820 pp. NASA/GSFC/University of Maryland/TREES (1990), derived from 1km resolution AVHRR data 1988-1990.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

COTE D'IVOIRE:
UNEP/GRID/Olesen/TREES (1994) West African Forest Data, derived from 1km resolution NOAA/AVHRR data.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

EGYPT:
EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

EQUATORIAL GUINEA:
Butynski, T.M. and Koster, S.H. (1989). The Status and Conservation of Forests and Primates on Bioko Island (Fernando Poo), Equatorial Guinea. WWF unpublished report, Washington, D.C.

NASA/GSFC/University of Maryland/TREES (1990), derived from 1km resolution AVHRR data 1988-1990.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

ERITREA:
EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

ETHIOPIA:
EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

GABON:
Institut Géographique National-France and the Institut National de Cartographie (1987).Gabon. 1:1,000,000 generalised published map. NASA/GSFC/University of Maryland/TREES (1990), derived from 1km resolution AVHRR data 1988-1990.

Fonte and Fromard (1993). Carte de la vegetation Cap Lopez - Pointe Fetiche au 1:150,000. One sheet. ICIV, CNRS/UPS pour ELF Gabon.

Fonte and Fromard (1994). Carte de la vegetation: Estuaire du Gabon; Nyonie; Gongue. Three sheets. ICIV, CNRS/UPS pour ELF Aquitaine.

Maley, J. (in press). Histoire recente de la foret dense humide africaine et essai sur le dynamisme de quelques formations forestieres. In: Schwartz, D. and Lanfranchi, R. (eds.). Paysages quaternaires de l'Afrique Centrale Atlantique. Travaux et Documents de l'ORSTOM, Paris.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

GAMBIA:
USAID and US Geological Survey, National Mapping Division, EROS Data Center (1985) Range and Forest Resources of Senegal. Scale 1:1,000,000.

GHANA:
UNEP, GRID, Olesen and TREES (1994) UNEP West African Forest Data: 1994, derived from 1 km resolution NOAA AVHRR data from the 1990's.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

GUINEA:
UNEP, GRID, Olesen and TREES (1994) UNEP West African Forest Data: 1994, derived from 1 km resolution NOAA AVHRR data from the 1990's.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

GUINEA-BISSAU:
Jones, S. (1990) Hand drawn based on his personal experience of the region. Scale 1:1,000,000 based on an earlier 1: 500,000 Instituto Geografico Nacional (1991) landuse chart Guine-Bissau.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

KENYA:
Kenya Rangeland Ecological Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (1983) Land Use Map of Kenya. Scale 1:1,000,000, based on 1972-1980 remote sensed data..

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

LESOTHO:
EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

LIBERIA:
UNEP, GRID, Olesen and TREES (1994) UNEP West African Forest Data: 1994, derived from 1 km resolution NOAA AVHRR data from the 1990's.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

LIBYA:
EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

MADAGASCAR:
Faramalala Miadana Harisca - I.C.I.V (nd) Carte des Formations Vegetales de Madagascar. Scale 1:1,000,000.

Green and Sussman (1990) Deforestation History of the Eastern Rain Forests of Madagascar from satellite images, Science 248: 212-215.

MOROCCO:
European Space Agency (1992) Remote Sensing Forest map of Europe, scale 1: 6,000,000, 1989-1992 NOAA-AVHRR data and 1987-1990 Landsat-MSS imagery.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

MOZAMBIQUE:
Direccao Nacional de Geografia e Cadastro (1995) Mapa Florestal: Sheet 1: Provincias de cabo, delgado, Niassa, Zambesia e Nampula. Sheet2: Provincias de Tete, Monica e Sofala. Sheet 3: Provincias de Maputo, Gaza e inhambane. Scale 1:1,000,000.

NIGER:
EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

NIGERIA:
UNEP, GRID, Olesen and TREES (1994) UNEP West African Forest Data: 1994, derived from 1 km resolution NOAA AVHRR data from the 1990's.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

RWANDA:
Service de Cartographie, Kigali (nd) Republique Rwandaise, Carte Administrative et Routiere. Scale 1: 250,000.

La Cooperation de la Republique Francaise (1981) Atlas du Rwanda Plate XL La Vegetation..

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE:
Bureau pour la Developpment de la Production Agricole (1985) Sketch map.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

SENEGAL:
USAID and US Geological Survey, National Mapping Division, EROS Data Center (1985) Range and Forest Resources of Senegal. Scale 1:1,000,000.

SIERRA LEONE:
UNEP, GRID, Olesen and TREES (1994) UNEP West African Forest Data: 1994, derived from 1 km resolution NOAA AVHRR data from the 1990's.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

SOMALIA:
EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

SOUTH AFRICA:
Department of Water Affairs and Forestry and Forestek (1993) based on LANDSAT TM data.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

SUDAN:
EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

SWAZILAND:
EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

TANZANIA:
Rodgers et al. (1985) Forest Cover in Tanzania. Scale 1:2,000,000, based on 1972-7 aerial photographs and 1985 LANDSAT imagery.

NORAD (1989) Mangrove Forest Inventory based on aerial photography taken in 1988/9.

Ministry of Lands (1990) Sheet index map: the Mangrove Forest Reserves of Tanzania. Scale 1:1,000,000.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

TOGO:
UNEP, GRID, Olesen and TREES (1994) UNEP West African Forest Data: 1994, derived from 1 km resolution NOAA AVHRR data from the 1990's.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

TUNISIA:
European Space Agency (1992) Remote Sensing Forest map of Europe, scale 1: 6,000,000, 1989-1992 NOAA-AVHRR data and 1987-1990 Landsat-MSS imagery.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

UGANDA:
National Biomass Study, Forest Department (1996) Land cover, boundaries, stratification and Protected areas. Scale 1: 500,000, based on LANDSAT/SPOT imagery.

ZAIRE:
UNEP, GRID, Olesen and TREES (1994) UNEP West African Forest Data: 1994, derived from 1 km resolution NOAA AVHRR data from the 1990's.

EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

ZAMBIA:
EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.

ZIMBABWE:
EROS Data Center/GLCCD (1997) Africa land cover characteristics database: Africa seasonal land cover regions. Derived from 1992-1993 monthly AVHRR images, analysed for NDVI.